Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Balance Reconstruction. Part I: Net Snow Accumulation (1600–2009)

Box, Jason E.; Cressie, Noel; Bromwich, David H.; Jung, Ji Hoon; Broeke, Michiel van den; Angelen, J. H. van; Forster, R. R.; Miège, C.; Mosley‐Thompson, Ellen; Vinther, Bo M.; McConnell, Joseph R.

doi:10.1175/jcli-d-12-00373.1

Cited by 57 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In contrast, the accumulation rates from Ettema et al (2009) are on average 39 kg m −2 a −1 and 37 kg m −2 a −1 (along and across the ice divide, respectively) lower than our accumulation rates and those of Burgess et al (2010). A study by Box et al (2013) has shown that east of the ice divide, the model employed by Burgess et al (2010) (Polar MM5) has the highest accumulation rates of the two RCMs. Interestingly, Vernon et al (2013) found that Polar MM5 returns accumulation rates above observational values for areas with low accumulation rates.…”

Section: Spatial Distribution Of Accumulationcontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…For this region, Ohmura and Reeh (1991) showed that the ice divide acts as a topographic barrier for water vapor transported from the west coast. Numerous studies have confirmed that this topographic barrier results in high accumulation rates on the west coast, decreasing rates as the elevation rises toward the interior, and very low accumulation rates east of the ice divide (e.g., Bales et al, 2001;Ettema et al, 2009;Burgess et al, 2010;Box et al, 2013). Similar gradients in accumulation rates have been observed across ice divides in Antarctica (Neumann et al, 2008;Koutnik et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…In order to retrieve the SMB, studies have employed various approaches such as firn cores and/or snow pit studies at times combined with weather station data (e.g., Ohmura and Reeh, 1991;Bales et al, 2001Bales et al, , 2009, and climate models (e.g., Ettema et al, 2009;Burgess et al, 2010;Hanna et al, 2011;Box et al, 2013). Regardless of the approach, the estimated accumulation rates of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) display the same overall pattern: high rates on the coast and low rates in the interior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accumulation Rates during 1311–2011 CE in North-Central Greenland Derived from Air-Borne Radar Data

et al. 2016

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Radar-detected internal layering contains information on past accumulation rates and patterns. In this study, we assume that the radar layers are isochrones, and use the layer stratigraphy in combination with ice-core measurements and numerical methods to retrieve accumulation information for the northern part of central Greenland. Measurements of the dielectric properties of an ice core from the NEEM (North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling) site, allow for correlation of the radar layers with volcanic horizons to obtain an accurate age of the layers. We obtain 100 a averaged accumulation patterns for the period 1311-2011 for a 300 by 350 km area encompassing the two ice-core sites: NEEM and NGRIP (North Greenland Ice Core Project). Our results show a clear trend of high accumulation rates west of the ice divide and low accumulation rates east of the ice divide. At the NEEM site, this accumulation pattern persists throughout our study period with only minor temporal variations in the accumulation rate. In contrast, the accumulation rate shows more pronounced temporal variations (based on our centennial averages) from 170 km south of the NEEM site to the NGRIP site. We attribute this variation to shifts in the location of the high-low accumulation boundary away from the ice divide.

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Section: Spatial Distribution Of Accumulationcontrasting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accumulation Rates during 1311–2011 CE in North-Central Greenland Derived from Air-Borne Radar Data

et al. 2016

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“…net accumulation rate is available from Box et al (2013), and spans elevations between 311 and 3188 m a.s.l. Here we select cores overlapping in time with our experiments and having elevations above 1000 m a.s.l.…”

Section: Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Water Flow and Retention on the Greenland Ice Sheet in the Regional Climate Model HIRHAM5: Local and Large-Scale Impacts

et al. 2017

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To improve Greenland Ice Sheet surface mass balance (SMB) simulation, the subsurface scheme of the HIRHAM5 regional climate model was extended to include snow densification, varying hydraulic conductivity, irreducible water saturation and other effects on snow liquid water percolation and retention. Sensitivity experiments to investigate the effects of the additions and the impact of different parameterization choices are presented. Compared with 68 accumulation area ice cores, the simulated mean annual net accumulation bias is −5% (correlation coefficient of 0.90). Modeled SMB in the ablation area compares favorably with 1041 PROMICE observations with regression slope of 0.95-0.97 (depending on model configuration), correlation coefficient of 0.75-0.86 and mean bias −3%. Weighting ablation area SMB biases at low-and high-elevation with the amount of runoff from these areas, we estimate ice sheet-wide mass loss biases in the ablation area at −5 and −7% using observed (MODIS-derived) and internally calculated albedo, respectively. Comparison with observed melt day counts shows that patterns of spatial (correlation ∼0.9) and temporal (correlation coefficient of ∼0.9) variability are realistically represented in the simulations. However, the model tends to underestimate the magnitude of inter-annual variability (regression slope ∼0.7) and overestimate that of spatial variability (slope ∼1.2). In terms of subsurface temperature structure and occurrence of perennial firn aquifers and perched ice layers, the most important model choices are the albedo implementation and irreducible water saturation parameterization. At one percolation area location, for instance, the internally calculated albedo yields too high subsurface temperatures below 5 m, but when using an implementation of irreducible saturation allowing higher values, an ice layer forms in 2011, reducing the deep warm bias in subsequent years. On the other hand, prior to the formation of the ice layer, observed albedos combined with lower irreducible saturation give the smallest bias. Perennial firn aquifers and perched ice layers occur in varying thickness and area for Langen et al. Liquid Water in the HIRHAM5 Subsurface different model parameter choices. While the occurrence of these features has an influence on the local-scale subsurface temperature, snow, ice and water fields, the Greenland-wide runoff and SMB are-in the model's current climate-dominated by the albedo implementation.

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“…Long term (1848-present) reconstructions of monthly temperature and SMB on the GrIS are taken from a gridded dataset (with 5 km spacing; Box and others, 2013;Box, 2013, we use version 2, Personal communication from J. Box, April 2015).…”

Section: External Forcingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A century of geometry and velocity evolution at Eqip Sermia, West Greenland

Lüthi

Vieli

Moreau³

et al. 2016

J. Glaciol.

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ABSTRACT. Rapid dynamic changes of ocean-terminating outlet glaciers of the Greenland ice sheet are related to atmospheric and oceanic warming but the detailed link to external forcing is not well understood. Observations show high variability in dynamic changes and are mainly limited to the past three decades with dense satellite observations. Here we compile a long-term record of dynamic changes of Eqip Sermia Glacier, West Greenland. Starting in 1912, we combine historical measurements of terminus positions, ice-surface elevation and flow velocity together with more recent in-situ and remote-sensing observations. In the 20th century, the glacier underwent small variations in terminus position and flow speed. Between 2000 and 2003, the terminus retreated substantially, but stabilized thereafter. In 2009, the northern terminus lobe started to retreat very rapidly; the southern lobe collapsed in 2013. The present terminus position, which has retreated by 4 km since 1920, is unprecedented in the historical record. Flow velocities were relatively stable until 2010. The recent acceleration reached threefold velocities in 2014 and rapidly affected the whole terminus region up to 15 km inland. Comparison with forcings from the atmosphere and the ocean over the past century shows that no dominant cause can be identified, and that local effects of bed geometry modulate the glacier response.

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Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Balance Reconstruction. Part I: Net Snow Accumulation (1600–2009)

Cited by 57 publications

References 65 publications

Accumulation Rates during 1311–2011 CE in North-Central Greenland Derived from Air-Borne Radar Data

Accumulation Rates during 1311–2011 CE in North-Central Greenland Derived from Air-Borne Radar Data

Liquid Water Flow and Retention on the Greenland Ice Sheet in the Regional Climate Model HIRHAM5: Local and Large-Scale Impacts

A century of geometry and velocity evolution at Eqip Sermia, West Greenland

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