Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. I -- National Study

Palchak, David; Cochran, Jaquelin; Ehlen, Ali; McBennett, Brendan; Milligan, Michael; Chernyakhovskiy, Ilya; Deshmukh, Ranjit; Abhyankar, Nikit; Soonee, S.K.; Narasimhan, Sriram; Joshi, Mohit; Sreedharan, Priya

doi:10.2172/1369138

Cited by 43 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The hurdle rate represents a price differential that needs to be exceeded in order for trade to occur between two nodes. Previous modeling of the Indian power system suggests that the price differential for interstate trade is around INR 1,000/megawatt hour (MWh) (Palchak et al 2017). We maintain this Indian interstate hurdle rate in this study.…”

Section: Hurdle Ratesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This study uses the India power system database developed for Greening the Grid, which simulates the operation of the Indian power system in 2022 with 175 GW of RE (Palchak et al 2017). This database was developed and validated in collaboration with experts from across the Indian power sector.…”

Section: Data Sources and Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model ignores transmission between India and Nepal below 132 kV. Parameters for the six corridors come from a variety of sources including NEA's PSS/E file, POWERGRID, CEA, and generic transmission line parameters (NEA 2017;Palchak et al 2017;MEA 2014;Shrestha 2016;ANI 2018). We assume the Nepalese and Indian grids will be fully synchronous by 2022.…”

Section: Integrating the South Asia Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The USD operating costs of Nepal's two thermal generators are converted to INR at INR 65 = 1 USD, while Nepal's zero marginal cost hydro generation requires no currency conversion. The India model holds operating reserves at the regional level as in Palchak et al 2017, which are equal to the capacity of the largest unit in the region plus 50% of the summed capacity of the largest unit in each state in the region. The Nepal region holds no operating reserves in the model.…”

Section: Model Parameters and Other Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The India database in Palchak et al 2017 includes select data of the Bhutan power system necessary to capture power exports from Bhutan to India. Bhutan is a net exporter and, as such, the database does not include information on Bhutan's load or the entire generation and transmission system.…”

Section: Bhutan and Bangladeshmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-Border Energy Trade between Nepal and India: Assessment of Trading Opportunities

McBennett

Rose

Hurlbut

et al. 2019

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Recent developments in India and Nepal highlight new opportunities for increased cross-border energy trade (CBET). This study builds on several prior analyses of CBET in South Asia to explore potential trading opportunities among India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Bhutan. Uniquely, this study uses a detailed 1-year, 1-hour resolution unit commitment and economic dispatch model of the South Asia power system in the year 2022 to examine the technical and economic impacts of CBET under different assumptions about hydropower development in Nepal and regional trade agreements. The study finds that although Nepal might have the physical capacity to increase annual exports to India if development of domestic hydropower is accelerated (to 4,500 megawatts ), much of this increase would be uneconomic to export if current market inefficiencies between the two countries remain. But the economics of trade can improve dramatically with institutional changes. If market and system operating rules are revised to treat transactions with Nepal the same as transactions between Indian states, our findings suggest that annual net exports to India could increase threefold (to 9.0 terawatt hours), hydro curtailment in Nepal would decrease, and production costs for electricity in both countries would fall $359 million. These factors-the level of hydropower development in Nepal and the ease of crossborder trade-are the biggest drivers of potential CBET in South Asia. The study also examines the impact of CBET on renewable energy development in India, a supply contract between Nepal and Bangladesh, and fully coordinated market operations across Bangladesh, Bhutan, India's eastern region, and Nepal. Although this study does not provide a complete characterization of system operations within each South Asia country, it does capture many previously unconsidered intertemporal operational constraints. Additional work can include more detailed representations of the Bhutan and Bangladesh power systems and alternative trading arrangements with these countries, which could be especially fruitful in light of the benefits measured in this study. iv This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. This analysis was funded by the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs Regional Connectivity Program.Although the study identifies many previously unconsidered impacts on CBET between India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh, including local impacts in different Indian states and regions and intertemporal operational constraints, it does not provide a complete characterization of system operations within the entire region. Future work could include detailed modeling of the Bhutan and Bangladesh power systems to examine the impact of CBET on these systems in greater detail. Complementary analysis could identify policy and regulatory pathways to remove nontechnical barriers to CBET and capture the benefits identified in this study.viii This report is available at no cos...

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Section: Hurdle Ratesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Data Sources and Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Integrating the South Asia Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Parameters and Other Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bhutan and Bangladeshmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-Border Energy Trade between Nepal and India: Assessment of Trading Opportunities

McBennett

Rose

Hurlbut

et al. 2019

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An outlook on endangering grid security in India due to implementation challenges of low voltage ride through protection in wind turbines

Amalorpavaraj

Prabaharan

Moursi

et al. 2020

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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The substantial increase in new integration of wind power has required changes in grid codes to ensure grid security. Providing low voltage ride through (LVRT) protection helps to sustain the transient conditions without tripping and supports its recovery post-fault. The grid codes for LVRT capability in countries with substantial wind capacity are surveyed in this paper. The challenges that arise, endangering the grid security due to the nonimplementation of these grid codes in the wind turbines (WT) which were preinstalled before the mandatory grid code was established is rarely a topic focused in literature. The LVRT capability requirement as per the wind turbine type classification is elucidated. The challenges due to enhancement and upgradation of technology include financial constraints for additional LVRT fittings, planning and renovation. Discussion and prognosis on the challenges provide direction for investigation and research. K E Y W O R D S fault ride-through, grid codes, Indian grid, Indian wind turbines, low voltage ride through, wind turbine type 1 | INTRODUCTION The significant growth in wind power, in large part to address environmental issues, has made wind energy an increasingly applied energy source. 1 With the expanding grid integration for wind power, network operators have to confirm that consumer power quality is not negotiated. The rigidness of the power system is being modified and advanced

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Integrating Wind and Solar in the Indian Power System

Rodrigues

Pachouri

Thakare

et al. 2022

Energiepolitik Und Klimaschutz. Energy Policy and Climate Protection

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India’s coal contribution to the total electricity generation mix stood at 73% in 2018. To meet India’s NDC ambitions, the federal government announced determined targets to integrate 450 GW Renewable Energy in the grid by 2030. This paper explores the pathways to integrate high RE generation by 2030 with effective balancing of supply and demand and associated challenges of flexibility requirements. A Unit commitment and economic dispatch model, which simulates the power system operation was used. The overall share of variable renewables reaches 26% and 32% in the Baseline Capacity Scenario (BCS) and High Renewable Energy Scenario (HRES) respectively. Improved ramp rates and a minimum thermal loading limit induce flexibility in the thermal fleet. In the HRES, more than 16 GW of coal plants are required for two-shift operations in April and more than 50% of days see an aggregate all-India ramp from the coal fleet in excess of 500 MW per minute. Battery Storage provides daily balancing while reducing VRE curtailment to less than 0.2% in the HRES. Nationally Coordinated dispatch shows increased power transfer from high VRE regions to export power during high VRE generation periods. It is thus found that high RE penetration is possible by 2030 at no extra system costs.

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Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. I -- National Study

Cited by 43 publications

References 10 publications

Cross-Border Energy Trade between Nepal and India: Assessment of Trading Opportunities

Cross-Border Energy Trade between Nepal and India: Assessment of Trading Opportunities

An outlook on endangering grid security in India due to implementation challenges of low voltage ride through protection in wind turbines

Integrating Wind and Solar in the Indian Power System

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