“…Fischer, 1997 Greater Bennison, 1992;Lamparter, 1992;Albert, 1995;Conte, 1998;Jacobson and Croft, 1998;Van Schelt, 1999;Nagasaka and Oya, 2003;Saito, 2005Nagasaka et al, 2010Jandricic et al, 2014;McClure, 2014;McClure and Frank, 2015;Miller et al, 2017;Miller, 2018 the system, due to inconsistent efficacy, labor (handling and maintenance), sink effects, and/or issues with hyperparasitoids (Jacobson and Croft, 1998;Van Driesche et al, 2008;McClure and Frank, 2015;Payton Miller and Rebek, 2018). Furthermore, the parasitoid species reared on banker plant systems are not necessarily efficient against all occurring target pest species, such as the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), and the foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) (Van Driesche et al, 2008;Nagasaka et al, 2010;Prado et al, 2015). Development of parasitoid wasps (Jandricic et al, 2014) on the banker plant systems may be insufficient due to the provided aphids being of insufficient size.…”