Greenhouse Studies Reveal Increased Aggressiveness of Emergent Canadian <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Chemotypes in Wheat

Foroud, Nora A.; McCormick, Susan P.; MacMillan, Trevor; Badea, Ana; Kendra, David F.; Ellis, Brian E.; Eudes, François

doi:10.1094/pdis-10-11-0863-re

Cited by 54 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…It has been reported that these 3-ADON isolates represent a novel, and likely introduced population. Moreover, strains from this new population produce higher levels of trichothecenes, grow faster in vitro, have higher fecundity, produce larger macroconidia, are more aggressive (5,12,15,40,58,62), and are more resilient under extreme environmental conditions, suggesting that F. graminearum is undergoing an adaptive evolutionary shift in North America (14,62). Although the same studies demonstrated that sexual recombination had occurred between the 3-ADON population and the dominant 15-ADON population, admixture thus far has been insufficient to homogenize the two populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FGSC was previously considered to be a single panmictic species; however multilocus molecular phylogenetic analyses have revealed at least 16 genetically distinct species within the FGSC, including F. graminearum Schwabe, identified as the primary cause of FHB in the U.S. (34, 36, from across the country (66,67), this belief has been challenged recently through data that demonstrate the existence of genetically distinct populations in several regions of the U.S. and Canada, including ones that differ in aggressiveness and toxigenicity from the majority populations (12,13,14,44,52,62). It has been hypothesized that these subpopulations resulted from localized adaptive shifts, possibly in response to deployment of scab resistant wheat varieties or the introduction and spread of non-native pathogen populations (12,13,14,44,52,62). KY represents a transition zone between the Mid-Atlantic and Midwestern wheat production areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Fusarium Strains Recovered From Wheat With Symptoms of Head Blight in Kentucky

et al. 2015

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Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) members cause Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and small grains in the United States. The U.S. population is diverse, and includes several genetically distinct local emergent subpopulations, some more aggressive and toxigenic than the majority population. Kentucky is a transition zone between the Mid-Atlantic and Midwestern wheat production areas. Sixty-eight Fusarium strains were isolated from symptomatic wheat heads from central and western Kentucky and southern Indiana in 2007. A multilocus genotyping assay and a variety of additional molecular markers, including some novel markers developed using the F. graminearum genome sequence, were used to characterize the pathogen population. Five of the isolates were identified as members of two non-FGSC species, F. acuminatum and F. cf. reticulatum, but they did not cause symptoms in greenhouse tests. All the FGSC isolates belonged to the 15-ADON chemotype of F. graminearum. Comparative genetic analysis using variable nuclear tandem repeat (VNTR) markers indicated that the population in Kentucky and Indiana belonged to the dominant North American population, with some diversification likely due to local evolution. Telomere and RFLP fingerprinting markers based on repetitive sequences revealed a high degree of genetic diversity within the population, with unique genotypes found at each location, and multiple genotypes isolated from the same head.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Fusarium Strains Recovered From Wheat With Symptoms of Head Blight in Kentucky

et al. 2015

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“…The relationships between FHB, FDK, and DON in grains are complex (121) but understood to result from both the plant response to the pathogen (122) and strain variation (123,124). Nonetheless, harvest surveys have demonstrated that DON in wheat can be managed by minimizing the amount of FDK present in grain and using FDK as a grading factor (69).…”

Section: Management Of Don In Wheat Barley and Other Small Grainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DON Occurrence in Grains: A North American Perspective

Bianchini

Horsley

Jack³

et al. 2015

Cereal Foods World

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In agricultural commodities, the occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON) has been reported all over the world, with levels varying among grain types and years of production. The grain supply chain, including growers, buyers, and end users, have effectively managed DON with strategies to control this issue systematically. The safety of consumers is ensured through use of these management strategies. This is observed in this review of the North American systems. This article describes the occurrence and management of DON in North America, which is accomplished by 1) a review of the toxicological effects of DON; 2) a review of publically available data and introduction of new information regarding the occurrence of DON in wheat, maize, and barley in North America, including variability due to growing regions, grain varieties, and year of production; 3) an overview of industry practices to reduce DON contamination from field through milling when necessary; 4) a review of how all in the value chain, including growers, buyers, and end users, have effectively managed DON for more than 20 years; 5) a description of current maximum limits associated with DON; and 6) the economic impact of any potential changes in international regulations.

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“…It has been shown that strains producing 3ADON can synthetize more DON than the 15ADON producing strains in culture and in wheat spikes [10,11], suggesting that they can be a greater risk to food safety. Additionally, 3ADON strains identified in North America can be more aggressive than the 15ADON strains [12]. Prevalence of 3ADON strains in the Canadian Prairies has been increasing over the years, and is now a dominant chemotype in most regions [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression feature extraction (DEFE) and its application in RNA-seq data analysis

Pan

Liu

et al. 2019

Preprint

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In differential gene expression data analysis, one objective is to identify groups of co-expressed genes from a large dataset to detect the association between such a group of genes and a phenotypic trait. This is often done through a clustering approach, such as k-means or bipartition hierarchical clustering, based on particular similarity measures in the grouping process. In such a dataset, the gene differential expression itself is an innate attribute that can be used in the feature extraction process. For example, in a dataset consisting of multiple treatments versus their controls, the expression of a gene in each treatment would have three possible behaviors, up-, down-regulated, or unchanged. We propose here a differential expression feature extraction (DEFE) method by using a string consisting of three numerical values at each character to denote such behavior, i.e. 1=up, 2=down, and 0=unchanged, which results in up to 3 B differential expression patterns across all B comparisons. This approach has been successfully applied in many datasets, of which we present in this study two sets of RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data on wheat challenged with stress related phytohormones or Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating wheat disease to illustrate the algorithm. Combinations of multiple schemes of DEFE patterns revealed groups of genes putatively associated with resistance or susceptibility to FHB. DEFE enabled discovery of genes closely associated with defense related signaling molecules such as JAZ10, shikimate and chorismate biosynthesis pathway and groups of wheat genes with differential effects between more or less virulent strains of Fusarium graminearum.

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Greenhouse Studies Reveal Increased Aggressiveness of Emergent Canadian Fusarium graminearum Chemotypes in Wheat

Abstract: Foroud, N.

Cited by 54 publications

References 40 publications

Characterization of Fusarium Strains Recovered From Wheat With Symptoms of Head Blight in Kentucky

Characterization of Fusarium Strains Recovered From Wheat With Symptoms of Head Blight in Kentucky

DON Occurrence in Grains: A North American Perspective

Differential expression feature extraction (DEFE) and its application in RNA-seq data analysis

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