Greenhouse gas intensity of three main crops and implications for low-carbon agriculture in China

Wang, Wen; Guo, Liping; Li, Yingchun; Su, Man; Lin, Yuebin; Perthuis, Christian de; Ju, Xiaotang; Lin, Erda; Moran, Dominic

doi:10.1007/s10584-014-1289-7

Cited by 51 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…The GHGI of rice production ranged from 1.20 (RN240) to 1.61 (RN0) kg CO 2 eq kg −1 , which is higher than previous estimation of 0.24-0.74 kg CO 2 eq kg −1 for rice production in other rice-upland crop rotation systems (Qin et al, 2010;Ma et al, 2013). Moreover, the GHGI of current rice production in the TLR (RW300) was estimated to be 1.45 times that of the national average value estimated by Wang et al (2014a), at 1.38 vs. 0.95 kg CO 2 eq kg −1 .…”

Section: Ngwp and Ghgimentioning

confidence: 59%

Greenhouse gas emissions and reactive nitrogen releases from rice production with simultaneous incorporation of wheat straw and nitrogen fertilizer

Xia

et al. 2016

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Impacts of simultaneous inputs of crop straw and nitrogen (N) fertilizer on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and N losses from rice production are not well understood. A 2-year field experiment was established in a rice–wheat cropping system in the Taihu Lake region (TLR) of China to evaluate the GHG intensity (GHGI) as well as reactive N intensity (NrI) of rice production with inputs of wheat straw and N fertilizer. The field experiment included five treatments of different N fertilization rates for rice production: 0 (RN0), 120 (RN120), 180 (RN180), 240 (RN240), and 300 kg N ha−1 (RN300, traditional N application rate in the TLR). Wheat straws were fully incorporated into soil before rice transplantation. The meta-analytic technique was employed to evaluate various Nr losses. Results showed that the response of rice yield to N rate successfully fitted a quadratic model, while N fertilization promoted Nr discharges exponentially (nitrous oxide emission, N leaching, and runoff) or linearly (ammonia volatilization). The GHGI of rice production ranged from 1.20 (RN240) to 1.61 kg CO2 equivalent (CO2 eq) kg−1 (RN0), while NrI varied from 2.14 (RN0) to 10.92 g N kg−1 (RN300). Methane (CH4) emission dominated the GHGI with a proportion of 70.2–88.6 % due to direct straw incorporation, while ammonia (NH3) volatilization dominated the NrI with proportion of 53.5–57.4 %. Damage costs to environment incurred by GHG and Nr releases from current rice production (RN300) accounted for 8.8 and 4.9 % of farmers' incomes, respectively. Cutting N application rate from 300 (traditional N rate) to 240 kg N ha−1 could improve rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency by 2.14 and 10.30 %, respectively, while simultaneously reducing GHGI by 13 %, NrI by 23 %, and total environmental costs by 16 %. Moreover, the reduction of 60 kg N ha−1 improved farmers' income by CNY 639 ha−1, which would provide them with an incentive to change the current N application rate. Our study suggests that GHG and Nr releases, especially for CH4 emission and NH3 volatilization, from rice production in the TLR could be further reduced, considering the current incorporation pattern of wheat straw and N fertilizer.

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Section: Ngwp and Ghgimentioning

confidence: 59%

Greenhouse gas emissions and reactive nitrogen releases from rice production with simultaneous incorporation of wheat straw and nitrogen fertilizer

Xia

et al. 2016

Biogeosciences

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“…It should be noted that different methods used to estimate carbon emissions will produce different results. For instance, Wang et al followed the IPCC guidelines [6] released in 2006 to estimate the greenhouse gas emission intensity of rice, wheat, and maize yields in China from 1985-2010 [7]. According to the IPCC guidelines, Xiong et al and Tian et al estimated the carbon emissions of agricultural production in Hunan and Xinjiang, respectively [8,9].…”

Section: Measurement Of Agricultural Carbon Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of the Driving Factors of Agricultural Carbon Emissions: Empirical Evidence from Fujian, China

Chen

et al. 2019

Energies

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With the development of agricultural modernization, the carbon emissions caused by the agricultural sector have attracted academic and practitioners’ circles’ attention. This research selected the typical agricultural development province in China, Fujian, as the research object. Based on the carbon emission sources of five main aspects in agricultural production, this paper applied the latest carbon emission coefficients released by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change of the UN (IPCC) and World Resources Institute (WRI), then used the ordered weighted aggregation (OWA) operator to remeasure agricultural carbon emissions in Fujian from 2008–2017. The results showed that the amount of agricultural carbon emissions in Fujian was 5541.95 × 103 tonnes by 2017, which means the average amount of agricultural carbon emissions in 2017 was 615.78 × 103 tonnes, with a decrease of 13.13% compared with that in 2008. In terms of spatial distribution, agricultural carbon emissions in the eastern coastal areas were less than those in the inland regions. Among them, the highest agricultural carbon emissions were in Zhangzhou, Nanping, and Sanming, while the lowest were in Xiamen, Putian, and Ningde. In addition, this paper selected six influencing variables, the research and development intensity, the proportion of agricultural labor force, the added value of agriculture, the agricultural industrial structure, the per capita disposable income of rural residents, and per capita arable land area, to clarify further the impacts on agricultural carbon emissions. Finally, geographically- and temporally-weighted regression (GTWR) was used to measure the direction and degree of the influences of factors on agricultural carbon emission. The conclusion showed that the regression coefficients of each selected factor in cities were positive or negative, which indicated that the impacts on agricultural carbon emission had the characteristics of geospatial nonstationarity.

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“…This is because the GHG emissions that occur outside the farm gate were not included in this study such as raw materials production, the transportation of agricultural inputs from manufacturing to the farm, and the transportation of rice production from the farm to the mill and storehouse. This study emphasized the balance between GHG emissions and SOC sequestration on the effect of land management practices because the SOC content at local-scale data in the estimation of GHGI, which is usually limited due to high uncertainties in the large-scale data [61]. Reasonable land management practices are the main components for mitigating GHG emissions because CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O emissions would be negated by the benefits of SOC sequestration.…”

Section: Effects Of Land Management Practice On Net Gwp and Ghgimentioning

confidence: 99%

Practices for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Rice Production in Northeast Thailand

Arunrat

Pumijumnong

2017

Agriculture

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Land management practices for rice productivity and carbon storage have been a key focus of research leading to opportunities for substantial greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation. The effects of land management practices on global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) from rice production within the farm gate were investigated. For the 13 study sites, soil samples were collected by the Land Development Department in 2004. In 2014, at these same sites, soil samples were collected again to estimate the soil organic carbon sequestration rate (SOCSR) from 2004 to 2014. Surveys were conducted at each sampling site to record the rice yield and management practices. The carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions, Net GWP, and GHGI associated with the management practices were calculated. Mean rice yield and SOCSR were 3307 kg·ha −1 ·year −1 and 1173 kg·C·ha −1 ·year −1 , respectively. The net GWP varied across sites, from 819 to 5170 kg·CO 2 eq·ha −1 ·year −1 , with an average value of 3090 kg·CO 2 eq·ha −1 ·year −1 . GHGI ranged from 0.31 to 1.68 kg·CO 2 eq·kg −1 yield, with an average value of 0.97 kg·CO 2 eq·kg −1 yield. Our findings revealed that the amount of potassium (potash, K 2 O) fertilizer application rate is the most significant factor explaining rice yield and SOCSR. The burning of rice residues in the field was the main factor determining GHGI in this area. An effective way to reduce GHG emissions and contribute to sustainable rice production for food security with low GHGI and high productivity is avoiding the burning of rice residues.

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Greenhouse gas intensity of three main crops and implications for low-carbon agriculture in China

Cited by 51 publications

References 33 publications

Greenhouse gas emissions and reactive nitrogen releases from rice production with simultaneous incorporation of wheat straw and nitrogen fertilizer

Greenhouse gas emissions and reactive nitrogen releases from rice production with simultaneous incorporation of wheat straw and nitrogen fertilizer

Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of the Driving Factors of Agricultural Carbon Emissions: Empirical Evidence from Fujian, China

Practices for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Rice Production in Northeast Thailand

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