Greenhouse gas formation during the ensiling process of grass and lucerne silage

Schmithausen, Alexander J.; Deeken, Hauke F.; Gerlach, Katrin; Trimborn, Manfred; Weiß, Kirsten; Büscher, Wolfgang; Maack, Gerd

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114142

Cited by 9 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The majority of N 2 O production in this study occurred within the first week of incubation (Fig. 1a), which is consistent with previous studies (21, 22). During this initial phase, transient aerobic or microaerobic conditions can be expected due to residual oxygen, followed by anaerobic conditions (33).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…and ammonia (NH3) (16)(17)(18). At best, the detection of N2O has been reported in previous studies (19)(20)(21)(22), but a quantitative assessment is still lacking. That is, our study, to our knowledge, is the first to provide comprehensive quantitative estimates on a per-crop basis, which can be scaled to national-and sector-level estimates for N2O emission from forage conservation.…”

Section: Significance Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The findings have substantial implications for mitigating climate change, informing policymakers, and guiding future research on reducing greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production. previous studies (19)(20)(21)(22), but a quantitative assessment is still lacking. That is, our study, to our knowledge, is the first to provide comprehensive quantitative estimates on a percrop basis, which can be scaled to national-and sector-level estimates for N2O emission from forage conservation.…”

Section: Significance Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While gas production during forage conservation has been investigated, previous studies have primarily focused on odorous chemicals, such as volatile organic compounds and ammonia (NH 3 ) (16–18). At best, the detection of N 2 O has been reported in previous studies (19–22), but a quantitative assessment is still lacking. That is, our study, to our knowledge, is the first to provide comprehensive quantitative estimates on a per-crop basis, which can be scaled to national- and sector-level estimates for N 2 O emission from forage conservation.…”

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confidence: 92%

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Forage conservation is a neglected nitrous oxide source

Yang,

Mahmood,

Baral

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Agricultural activities are the major source of nitrous oxide (N2O), an important greenhouse gas and ozone [ndash]depleting substance. However, the role of forage conservation as a potential source of N2O has hardly been studied. We investigated N2O production from the simulated silage of the three major crops—maize, alfalfa, and sorghum—used for silage in the US, which comprises over 90% of the total silage production. We demonstrated a substantial N2O generation, reaching up to 169.7 g [ndash]CO2 eq. per kgDM–forage, which places forage conservation as the third largest N2O source in the agricultural sector. Notably, the addition of chlorate significantly reduced N2O production, but neither acetylene nor intermittent exposure to oxygen showed any impact, highlighting that denitrifiers are responsible for N2O production from silage—a hypothesis confirmed by molecular analyses. In addition, we calculated the social cost of the N2O emission from forage conservation and proposed market incentives for mitigation. Our study reveals a previously unexplored source of N2O and provides a crucial mechanistic understanding for effective mitigation strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Significance Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Significance Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 92%

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Forage conservation is a neglected nitrous oxide source

Yang,

Mahmood,

Baral

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…With the concern of global climate change and after signing Paris Agreement, the gas generated in silage has been studied from the aspect of GHG. Schmithausen et al [22] showed that CO 2 is the most important component of gas generated in silage by measuring GHG concentrations during fermentation. Inoculating homofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or wilting materials can reduce gas and GHG productions in silage [13,[22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of gas and greenhouse gases of ensiling barley with lactic acid bacteria during fermentation

Xue,

Wu,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Greenhouse gases (GHG) are generated in silage, especially in barley silage, during fermentation. However, little is known regarding the dynamics of GHG productions in silage during fermentation. The GHG accumulation and reduction were assessed in barley silage in the study. Barley was harvested at milk stage and ensiled without (CK) and with commercial lactic acid bacterial additives (L1 or L2). Gas and GHG productions, fermentation quality, fermentation weight loss (FWL), and bacterial communities were analyzed at d 0, d 1, d 3, d 6, d 15, d 35, and d 90 after ensiling. The gas and GHG productions rapidly increased in all silages during early fermentation phase and then decreased (P < 0.05). The gas and GHG productions in CK were higher than those in L1 and L2 from d 1 to d 35 (P < 0.05) and the peak productions of gas and GHG were observed at d 6 in CK and at d 3 in L1 and L2. The gas and GHG had positive correlation with Coliforms, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Atlantibacter from d 0 to d 6 (P < 0.05), but had negative correlation with Lentilactobacillus, Lactiplantibacillus, and Lacticaseibacillus from d 1 to d 35 (P < 0.05). The L1 and L2 had increasing pH and decreasing LA after d 15 (P < 0.05). Lentilactobacillus in L1 and L2 dominated the bacterial communities from d 35 to d 90 and correlated positively with pH and AA and negatively with LA from d 6 to d 90 (P < 0.05). The FWL had positive correlation with gas and GHG from d 1 to d 35 (P < 0.05). The ensiling fermentation process was divided into gas accumulation and reduction phases. Inoculating LAB reduces the gas and GHG productions. The activities of enterobacteria majorly contributes to the gas and GHG accumulations. The gas and GHG might participate in LAB metabolism during gas reduction phase. Lentilactobacillus activity causes mainly fermentation quality deterioration during late fermentation phase. The gas and GHG generated in silage contribute to the FWL during fermentation.

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