Greenhouse Gas Fluxes of Mangrove Soils and Adjacent Coastal Waters in an Urban, Subtropical Estuary

Martin, Rose M.; Wigand, Cathleen; Oczkowski, Autumn; Hanson, Alana; Balogh, Stephen; Branoff, Benjamin L.; Santos, Emily; Huertas, Evelyn

doi:10.1007/s13157-020-01300-w

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In the present study, we observed significantly greater NH 4 + and DIN concentrations in porewater at Piñones compared to the other mangrove sites, and in an earlier study, we reported lower pH and higher salinity at Piñones (Table 1; Martin et al, 2020). There were significant seasonal effects (Two-way ANOVA, season × site interaction P < 0.0001, followed by pairwise comparisons P < 0.0025) on porewater The porewater N:P molar ratios suggested N limitation in wet and dry seasons in the Martin Peña East (N:P ratios: 0.5:1, Wet; 1:1, Dry) and to a lesser extent, N limitation at La Torrecilla (N:P ratio 3:1, Wet; 2.5:1, Dry) and San José lagoon (N:P ratio 10:1, Wet; 6:1, Dry) (Table 1).…”

Section: Mangrove Porewatersupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Final results are presented with 0 used for non-detects, because this gives a more conservative estimate of the variability in the data. Surface soil temperature was similar among the SJBE mangrove sites: 25 • C in the dry season (February 2017) and 27-29 • C in the wet season (June 2016) (Martin et al, 2020). Porewater salinity and soil pH were measured in an earlier report from the same SJBE mangrove sites (Martin et al, 2020; Table 1).…”

Section: Porewater Nutrients and Soil Salinity Ph And Temperaturementioning

confidence: 66%

“…+ concentrations (mean: 1,057 ± 209 µM in the wet season; 451 ± 76 µM in the dry season), low pH (4.7; Martin et al, 2020), and low denitrification enzyme activity (Oczkowski et al, 2020b) were observed in mangrove soils at Piñones, likely due to high decomposition rates and recycling of carbon and N in the mature system (Marchand et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Nitrogen Storage and Accumulation Rates in Mangrove Soils Exceed Historic Rates in the Urbanized San Juan Bay Estuary (Puerto Rico, United States)

Wigand¹,

Oczkowski²,

Branoff³

et al. 2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Tropical mangrove forests have been described as “coastal kidneys,” promoting sediment deposition and filtering contaminants, including excess nutrients. Coastal areas throughout the world are experiencing increased human activities, resulting in altered geomorphology, hydrology, and nutrient inputs. To effectively manage and sustain coastal mangroves, it is important to understand nitrogen (N) storage and accumulation in systems where human activities are causing rapid changes in N inputs and cycling. We examined N storage and accumulation rates in recent (1970 – 2016) and historic (1930 – 1970) decades in the context of urbanization in the San Juan Bay Estuary (SJBE, Puerto Rico), using mangrove soil cores that were radiometrically dated. Local anthropogenic stressors can alter N storage rates in peri-urban mangrove systems either directly by increasing N soil fertility or indirectly by altering hydrology (e.g., dredging, filling, and canalization). Nitrogen accumulation rates were greater in recent decades than historic decades at Piñones Forest and Martin Peña East. Martin Peña East was characterized by high urbanization, and Piñones, by the least urbanization in the SJBE. The mangrove forest at Martin Peña East fringed a poorly drained canal and often received raw sewage inputs, with N accumulation rates ranging from 17.7 to 37.9 g m–2 y–1 in recent decades. The Piñones Forest was isolated and had low flushing, possibly exacerbated by river damming, with N accumulation rates ranging from 18.6 to 24.2 g m–2 y–1 in recent decades. Nearly all (96.3%) of the estuary-wide mangrove N (9.4 Mg ha–1) was stored in the soils with 7.1 Mg ha–1 sequestered during 1970–2017 (0–18 cm) and 2.3 Mg ha–1 during 1930–1970 (19–28 cm). Estuary-wide mangrove soil N accumulation rates were over twice as great in recent decades (0.18 ± 0.002 Mg ha–1y–1) than historically (0.08 ± 0.001 Mg ha–1y–1). Nitrogen accumulation rates in SJBE mangrove soils in recent times were twofold larger than the rate of human-consumed food N that is exported as wastewater (0.08 Mg ha–1 y–1), suggesting the potential for mangroves to sequester human-derived N. Conservation and effective management of mangrove forests and their surrounding watersheds in the Anthropocene are important for maintaining water quality in coastal communities throughout tropical regions.

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Section: Mangrove Porewatersupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Porewater Nutrients and Soil Salinity Ph And Temperaturementioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Nitrogen Storage and Accumulation Rates in Mangrove Soils Exceed Historic Rates in the Urbanized San Juan Bay Estuary (Puerto Rico, United States)

Wigand¹,

Oczkowski²,

Branoff³

et al. 2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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“…Accretion rates and C storage were also high in the low flushed and least urbanized Pin. The Piñones mangrove soils were acidic, had significantly lower porewater pH (4.7), and higher porewater salinities (62-73 ppt) than the other mangrove sites in the SJBE (Martin et al, 2020). Acidic soils are characteristic of organic matter decay and high sulfur oxidation in mature mangrove forests (Alongi et al, 2004;Marchand et al, 2004).…”

Section: Carbon Storage and Burial Ratesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The locations of the mangrove stands we sampled included the Caño Martin Peña in the western half of the estuary, a series of lagoons in the center of the estuary, and the easternmost part of the estuary, that is the largest remaining contiguous mangrove forest in Puerto Rico ( Figure 1 ; see Oczkowski et al, 2020a for a more detailed description of the study sites). We classify the relative flushing, landscape setting, and degree of urbanization among the different sites based on previous reports which included water level observations sampled throughout 2016–2018, assessments of the landscape geomorphology, and detailed analyses of hydrology and watershed land use ( Branoff, 2020b ; Martin et al, 2020 ). The Urban Index was previously reported for the SJBE mangrove sites and was derived from five spatial variables: (1) surrounding coverage of mangrove vegetation, (2) non-mangrove vegetation and open water, (3) urban land, (4) population density, and (5) road density, which were calculated within a 500 m buffer from the approximate center of the mangrove site ( Martin et al, 2020 ; Table 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Carbon Storage and Burial Exceed Historic Rates in the San Juan Bay Estuary Peri-Urban Mangrove Forests (Puerto Rico, United States)

Wigand¹,

Eagle²,

Branoff³

et al. 2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Mangroves sequester significant quantities of organic carbon (C) because of high rates of burial in the soil and storage in biomass. We estimated mangrove forest C storage and accumulation rates in aboveground and belowground components among five sites along an urbanization gradient in the San Juan Bay Estuary, Puerto Rico. Sites included the highly urbanized and clogged Caño Martin Peña in the western half of the estuary, a series of lagoons in the center of the estuary, and a tropical forest reserve (Piñones) in the easternmost part. Radiometrically dated cores were used to determine sediment accretion and soil C storage and burial rates. Measurements of tree dendrometers coupled with allometric equations were used to estimate aboveground biomass. Estuary-wide mangrove forest C storage and accumulation rates were estimated using interpolation methods and coastal vegetation cover data. In recent decades (1970–2016), the highly urbanized Martin Peña East (MPE) site with low flushing had the highest C storage and burial rates among sites. The MPE soil carbon burial rate was over twice as great as global estimates. Mangrove forest C burial rates in recent decades were significantly greater than historic decades (1930–1970) at Caño Martin Peña and Piñones. Although MPE and Piñones had similarly low flushing, the landscape settings (clogged canal vs forest reserve) and urbanization (high vs low) were different. Apparently, not only urbanization, but site-specific flushing patterns, landscape setting, and soil fertility affected soil C storage and burial rates. There was no difference in C burial rates between historic and recent decades at the San José and La Torrecilla lagoons. Mangrove forests had soil C burial rates ranging from 88 g m–2 y–1 at the San José lagoon to 469 g m–2 y–1 at the MPE in recent decades. Watershed anthropogenic CO2 emissions (1.56 million Mg C y–1) far exceeded the annual mangrove forest C storage rates (aboveground biomass plus soils: 17,713 Mg C y–1). A combination of maintaining healthy mangrove forests and reducing anthropogenic emissions might be necessary to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in urban, tropical areas.

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Coastal acidification alters estuarine sediment nitrous oxide and methane fluxes

Mazur

Fulweiler

2023

Limnol Oceanogr Letters

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The impact of coastal acidification on sediment nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes is largely unknown. We exposed temperate estuarine sediments to moderate (pH 7.3) and extreme (pH 6.3) acidification. Sediments were collected from two sites—one exposed to high and the other to low nitrogen loading. We demonstrate that low pH has a strong effect on greenhouse gas fluxes. The response, in terms of both magnitude and direction, was site specific. Sediments from the high nitrogen loading site exhibited increased N2O fluxes and decreased CH4 fluxes under moderate and extreme acidification. In contrast, sediments from the low nitrogen loading site exhibited decreased N2O fluxes under moderate and extreme acidification while CH4 fluxes both decreased (moderate) and increased (extreme). This study highlights the dynamic response of sediment N2O and CH4 fluxes to low pH and emphasizes the need for deeper understanding of ofcoastal acidification impacts on sediment biogeochemistry.

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Greenhouse Gas Fluxes of Mangrove Soils and Adjacent Coastal Waters in an Urban, Subtropical Estuary

Cited by 17 publications

References 36 publications

Recent Nitrogen Storage and Accumulation Rates in Mangrove Soils Exceed Historic Rates in the Urbanized San Juan Bay Estuary (Puerto Rico, United States)

Recent Nitrogen Storage and Accumulation Rates in Mangrove Soils Exceed Historic Rates in the Urbanized San Juan Bay Estuary (Puerto Rico, United States)

Recent Carbon Storage and Burial Exceed Historic Rates in the San Juan Bay Estuary Peri-Urban Mangrove Forests (Puerto Rico, United States)

Coastal acidification alters estuarine sediment nitrous oxide and methane fluxes

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