Greenhouse gas emissions in restored secondary tropical peat swamp forests

Murdiyarso, Daniel; Saragi-Sasmito, Meli F.; Rustini, Anggi

doi:10.1007/s11027-017-9776-6

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…55% of the total CO2 emissions were heterotrophic emissions in a primary forest with water table 25 cm below surface. Indeed, CO2 emissions in the primary forest were 50.6% and 56.5% lower than that in the secondary forest during the wet and dry season respectively, equivalent to the heterotrophic contribution reported by Hergoualc'h et al (2017) and Murdiyarso et al (2017) in drier peat forest systems in SEA.…”

Section: Lower Total Ghg Emissions In Primary Forestmentioning

confidence: 77%

Are secondary forests second-rate? Comparing peatland greenhouse gas emissions, chemical and microbial community properties between primary and secondary forests in Peninsular Malaysia

Dhandapani

Ritz

Evers

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

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Section: Lower Total Ghg Emissions In Primary Forestmentioning

confidence: 77%

Are secondary forests second-rate? Comparing peatland greenhouse gas emissions, chemical and microbial community properties between primary and secondary forests in Peninsular Malaysia

Dhandapani

Ritz

Evers

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Air beneath canopies with high leaf area index (older oil palm) is cooler and has higher relative humidity during the day (Hardwick et al 2015;Melling et al 2013). The younger oil palm plantation results in the higher soil temperature probably due to the less canopy cover and hence increase the CO2 fluxes have been reported by some studies (Murdiyarso et al 2019;Jauhiainen et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

CO2 fluxes from drained tropical peatland used for oil palm plantation in relation to peat characteristics and crop age after planting

et al. 2019

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Large expansion of oil palm plantation on peatland has changed its important role for carbon sink into a carbon source. Conversion of peat swamp forest with high carbon density into a monoculture of oil palm has released the significant amount of carbon into atmosphere either carbon previously stored in forest biomass or carbon stored in peat organic matter. Drainage canal to artificially lower groundwater level as a prerequisite of oil palm cultivation provides the favorable condition for soil microbes activities in decomposing peat organic matter resulted in CO2 flux increase. The fluctuation of groundwater level and variation of environmental factors near the peat surface may regulate the rate of CO2 released from the soil. We aimed to measure CO2 fluxes from two sites of oil palm plantation with different peat characteristics and analyzed the correlation with groundwater level, soil temperature, air temperature, gravimetric water content, peat pH, oxidative reductive potential, and crop age. The measurement has been conducted from September 2016 to April 2017 in West Kalimantan, Indonesia by using portable infrared gas analyzer EGM 4. In addition to soil sampling at the same time as the gas measurement, we collected soil samples for some peat characteristics analysis consist of bulk density, particle density, porosity, soil organic matter, ash content, carbon, and nitrogen content prior to CO2 flux measurement. Our result shows that the difference of peat chemical characteristics between two sites has resulted in different CO2 flux. Oil palm ages seemed to affect CO2 flux by regulating microclimatic condition around crop canopy. Another finding is the insignificant relationship between CO2 fluxes and groundwater level unless the groundwater level reached more than 50 cm from the peat surface. It implies that maintaining groundwater level-up to 50 cm resulting in similar CO2 flux.

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“…The root respiration does not contribute to the C loss as it is part of the plants' photosynthetic cycle, while heterotrophic respiration decomposes peat that is stored over ages (Dariah et al, 2014). The autotrophic contribution from a dense secondary peat forest was observed to be >50% of the total CO2 emissions (Murdiyarso et al, 2017), but the autotrophic component was almost non-existent at a cleared site and about half of the sampling points in other agricultural sites were away from vegetation. Therefore, it is highly likely that heterotrophic contribution from the forest is about 50% of the total emission while for 1 st generation oil palm it is >70% and for all the 2 nd generation plantations it is >80% of their respective total emissions, owing to the age of the oil palm in each plantations (Dariah et al, 2014;Comeau et al, 2016;Hergoualc'h et al, 2017;Matysek et al, 2017;Murdiyarso et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Environmental impacts as affected by different oil palm cropping systems in tropical peatlands

Dhandapani

Ritz

Evers

et al. 2019

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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Tropical peatlands are globally important for their high carbon storage and unique biodiversity, but are currently under severe threat in South East Asia from expansion of oil palm plantations. A large part of this expansion in Peninsular Malaysia arises from smallholder oil palm plantations that follow varied cropping practices, yet their impact on the environment is largely unexplored. This research aimed to study and evaluate the environmental and belowground microbial impacts of different smallholder cropping systems relative to forested peatlands in North Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. Specifically, GHG measurements using closed chambers, and peat sampling were carried out in both wet and dry seasons. Microbial phenotypic community structure was determined using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Relative to forested peatlands, the agricultural plantations had increased pH, temperature and bulk density, decreased organic content, and peat moisture, with a pineapple intercropping site as the only exception. These effects were most pronounced in 2 nd generation mono-cropping systems. Soil microbial community structure, dominated by Gram-positive bacteria under all land-use types, differed significantly between agricultural sites and forest, and also showed significant seasonal variation. There was a general increase in non-specific fatty acids and a decrease in Gram-positive fatty acids in agricultural sites from forest, however microbial community structure were similar in most agricultural sites. CO2 emissions were greatest at the forest site and showed no seasonal variations, however most of the forest CO2 emissions were most likely due to high autotrophic contribution from roots. CH4 emissions were under 1 mg m-2 hr-1 for all the agricultural sites, while forest peat surface absorbed similar low quantity of CH4. Overall, the changes in peat properties and loss of C was greatest in the 2 nd generation mono-cropping, while the intercropping systems ameliorated these effects by maintaining most of the forest peat organic content and causing relatively smaller changes in pH, moisture and bulk density. It is clear that oil palm intercropping have an ameliorating effect on environmental impacts caused by the expansion of oil palm plantations into peatlands.

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Greenhouse gas emissions in restored secondary tropical peat swamp forests

Cited by 40 publications

References 26 publications

Are secondary forests second-rate? Comparing peatland greenhouse gas emissions, chemical and microbial community properties between primary and secondary forests in Peninsular Malaysia

Are secondary forests second-rate? Comparing peatland greenhouse gas emissions, chemical and microbial community properties between primary and secondary forests in Peninsular Malaysia

CO2 fluxes from drained tropical peatland used for oil palm plantation in relation to peat characteristics and crop age after planting

Environmental impacts as affected by different oil palm cropping systems in tropical peatlands

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