Greenhouse gas emissions from ships in ports – Case studies in four continents

Styhre, Linda; Winnes, Hulda; Black, John; Lee, Jimyoung; Le-Griffin, Hanh Dam

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2017.04.033

Cited by 178 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For yard cranes, quay cranes, and trucks, the energy consumption E of facilities can be formulated as shown in Equation (4).…”

Section: Carbon Emission Formulation Of Ships and Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the previous works related to the mitigation strategies of ships mainly focus on on-shore power supply [4], alternative fuels [5], and reduced speed in the waterway [6]. The emissions from port facilities (e.g., quay cranes, yard cranes and trucks) in container terminals have recently been regarded as a problem and corresponding research has been conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of the Allocation of Facilities on Reducing Carbon Emissions from a Green Container Terminal Perspective

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The main contribution of this paper is to quantify the impact of the allocation of facilities, including the number of facilities and the fuels adopted by facilities, on carbon emissions. In order to deal with the complex queuing network of container terminals, a simulation model is established with the changing of the number of and the fuel adopted by facilities as inputs. Firstly, the operation process and complex queuing network of container terminals are described to explain why simulation technology needs to be used. Then, various simulation experiments based on a container terminal in Algeria are designed and carried out. Finally, the carbon emissions from facilities and ships at berth and inside container terminals, and the total carbon emissions inside container terminals, are obtained and analyzed. Results show that the emissions from facilities are only a small fraction of the total emissions of container terminals. Improving the number of trucks and yard cranes can help reduce carbon emissions, but when the number continues to rise, the emissions are decreased very slightly. The results obtained and proposed method can be applied to build a green container terminal, which can also be used for similar problems.

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“…For yard cranes, quay cranes, and trucks, the energy consumption E of facilities can be formulated as shown in Equation (4).…”

Section: Carbon Emission Formulation Of Ships and Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the Allocation of Facilities on Reducing Carbon Emissions from a Green Container Terminal Perspective

et al. 2018

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“…2015/757, it is also laid down in the aforementioned Regulation that the direct CO 2 emissions measurements may be used for voyages and for CO 2 emissions occurring in ports located in a Member State's jurisdiction. From 1 st January 2018, the shipowner or any other organization or person who has assumed responsibility for the operation of the ship from the shipowner has a duty, for the ships above 5000 gross tonnage, to monitor, inform, report, and verify the annual emissions of CO 2 released during their voyages: A) from their last port of call to a port of call under the jurisdiction of a Member State (therefore duties to monitor, report and verifier of CO 2 emissions from ships above 5000 gross tonage applies on CO 2 emissions produced during the entire voyage from a non-EU port to an EU port) [33]; B) from a port of call under the jurisdiction of a Member State to their next port of call; and C) within ports of call under the jurisdiction of a Member State [34]. MRV system includes CO 2 emissions from ships in ports (when a ship at berth is securely moored or anchored in a port falling under the jurisdiction of a Member State while she is loading, unloading or hotelling, including the time spent when not engaged in cargo operations (Art.3(1) n) Regulation 2015/757) and also on a ship in navigation within a port).…”

Section: Application Of the Regulation (Ec) No 2015/757 To Ports Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Legal Challenges of Implementing the System of Monitoring Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Maritime Transport within Ports of Call under the Jurisdiction of EU Member States

Primorac

2018

Pomorstvo (Online)

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The subject analysed in this paper is European achievements and legal standards for the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from maritime transport. The author re-examines the ecological aspect of European maritime navigation and its important role in reducing CO2 emissions as the most important greenhouse gas. By reviewing the sources of European law relevant to this matter, the author examines European legal origins based on the provisions of Regulation (EC) No. 2015/757 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the monitoring, reporting and verification of carbon dioxide emissions from maritime transport. In order to provide a systematic overview of the European legal framework, the author also analyses provisions that complement the rules and methods for monitoring CO2 emissions from maritime transport, i.e. the provisions contained in Regulation (EC) No. 2016/1927 and Regulation (EC) No. 2016/1928. The underlying concept of this paper is a discussion concerning the provisions of the regional monitoring, reporting and verification system of CO2 emissions from maritime transport, applicable to all ships irrespective of the flag the ship flies. The author further presents and analyses the effect that the application of the relevant provisions has on the reduction of CO2 emissions in ports and the measures that the European ports of call will be authorized to take, on 1st July 2019, in the sense of checking the Document of Compliance of the ship with the provisions of Regulation (EC) No. 2015/757. Taking into account the justification and functionality of the regional approach to addressing CO2 emissions issues from ships, the author considers it necessary to achieve international uniformity in order to reduce CO2 emissions from maritime transport globally.

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“…Due to a continuous increase of the maritime transport, more and more attention has been given to the development of the new eco-efficient solutions and the reduction of exhaust gases from marine engines. The recent studies [16,13] have shown that the emission of air pollutants (NO x , SO x , PM) and greenhouse gasses (CO 2 ) has doubled in the last two decades. The annual amount of CO 2 emission from overall maritime transport is 1.2 billion tons, which makes 4.5 % of global CO 2 emission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission Inventory of Marine Traffic for the Port of Zadar

2018

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A B S T R A C TThis paper estimates the exhaust gases emissions from ships in the international marine traffic in the port of Zadar. The emission results refer to the pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NO x ), sulphur oxides (SO x ), particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). The methodology that has been applied, so called "bottom-up" approach, uses detailed data on ship's characteristics (engine power, the load factor, fuel type, the emission factor) and time spent cruising and hotelling. The estimated inventory for the port of Zadar includes overall marine traffic from the passenger and cargo terminals. The exhaust gases emissions have been divided into three ship's activities: cruising in the reduce speed zone, hotelling (at berth) and manoeuvring. The results (tons/year) have shown that approximately 80% of total emissions come from passenger ships and 20% from cargo ships.

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Greenhouse gas emissions from ships in ports – Case studies in four continents

Cited by 178 publications

References 23 publications

The Impact of the Allocation of Facilities on Reducing Carbon Emissions from a Green Container Terminal Perspective

The Impact of the Allocation of Facilities on Reducing Carbon Emissions from a Green Container Terminal Perspective

Legal Challenges of Implementing the System of Monitoring Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Maritime Transport within Ports of Call under the Jurisdiction of EU Member States

Emission Inventory of Marine Traffic for the Port of Zadar

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