Greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields in Bangladesh compared to top twenty rice producing countries and emission reduction strategies

Biswas, Jatish Chandra; Mamiruzzaman, M.; Haque, Mozammel; Hossain, Md. Belal; Naher, Umme Aminun; Akhtar, Sh.; Rahman, MM; Akhter, Shirin; Ahmed, Fahim; Biswas, Jiban Krishna

doi:10.1007/s10333-022-00899-2

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Lower yield-scaled impacts are achieved due to the significant yield difference between the two variety groups, which exceeds the increased demand for most inputs. These findings confirm the research in other developing countries in Asia [57] and, just for GWP, in major rice-producing countries (developing and developed countries) worldwide [58,110].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Environmental Impacts of Rice Intensification Using High-Yielding Varieties: Evidence from Mazandaran, Iran

Gava,

Ardakani,

Delalic

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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This article aims to show the potential contribution of high-yielding rice varieties to achieve sustainable intensification in paddy farming, by focusing on a developing country. A comparative life cycle assessment of traditional vs. high-yielding varieties is carried out by comparing the area-based and yield-based results. Primary data are collected through a farm survey (49 farms in the Mazandaran province, Iran; spring 2018). The results highlight that high-yielding varieties can reduce the yield-scaled impacts. However, area-scaled impacts are subject to increase for most impact categories. Statistically significant trade-offs involve global warming potential (+13% per ha and −28% per t in high-yielding varieties) and fossil resource depletion (+15% per ha and −26% per t in high-yielding varieties). Pesticide management is the most alarming practice. High-yielding varieties increase pesticide consumption and related toxicity impacts both per t and per ha. This study is a new contribution to the literature by improving and broadening the mainstream productivity perspective of current life cycle assessment research about crop varieties. The lessons learnt from this study suggest that the trade-offs between yield-scaled and area-scaled impacts should be carefully considered by decision-makers and policymakers, especially in developing countries that, like Iran, are affected by the overexploitation of natural resources. Targeted policy and the development of farmer education and advisory services are needed to create the enabling conditions for farm management changes, including conscious use of production inputs while avoiding heuristics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Environmental Impacts of Rice Intensification Using High-Yielding Varieties: Evidence from Mazandaran, Iran

Gava,

Ardakani,

Delalic

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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“…Across all the stages, irrigation (water depletion (99.54%), climate change (53.65%), freshwater eutrophication (76.45%) and emissions from paddy fields (marine water eutrophication (80.20%) contributed most in environmental degradation followed by manufacturing of fertilisers and pesticides. 31 Similar to this, another study by Biswas et al 32 also focused on rice and reported that around 30% and 6.5% of Bangladesh's indirect GHG emissions were a result of water irrigation and fertilisers, respectively.…”

Section: Bangladeshsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Among all livestock products, particularly the production of mutton/pork/bovine meat F I G U R E 3 Environmental variables assessed in the included studies. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][43][44][45]56 had the highest GHG emissions. 16,17,19,21,22 In a few studies where the authors considered dairy products along with eggs and meat in the category of livestock, based on the consumption pattern of Indians, dairy products or eggs contributed a greater percentage of GHG emissions compared to meat.…”

Section: Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental imprints of agricultural and livestock produce: A scoping review from South Asian countries

Sachdeva,

Puri,

Aeri

2023

J Human Nutrition Diet

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BackgroundAgricultural activities in 2020 have resulted in 5.5 billion tons of CO2 equivalent globally, which is expected to rise because the food system would have to grow 70% more food for the population in 2050. Research suggests that agricultural productivity in South Asian countries, will increase food security; however, the role of their food crops and livestock products in environmental imprints is uncertain. This review aimed to assess the environmental impacts resulting from pre‐ and post‐production agricultural activities related to edible food crops and livestock products consumed in eight South Asian countries.MethodsStudies were retrieved using three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct) from 2011 to 2022. The protocol for this scoping review was not registered.ResultsTwenty‐seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted in India. Twenty‐four articles assessed greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, followed by water footprints (n = 5), nitrogen and phosphorus (N&P) emissions (n = 4), and land requirements (n = 4). The production of rice and wheat was identified as a significant contributor to GHG emissions. In India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, the production of livestock (meat/bovine/shrimp and milk) was reported to be harmful to the environment. Inconclusive data were retrieved for other environment variables.ConclusionsDiversification in food production and cultivating additional coarse cereals (millets) offer opportunities for GHG reduction. Nevertheless, more comprehensive and longitudinal studies for South Asian countries are essential to make precise conclusions and validate the present review.

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“…Rice intensification has the lowest environmental impact because it combines selection cropping patterns, irrigation water management, and integrating nutrient management [24]. The rice intensification practice requires fewer seedlings and irrigation water than other practices.…”

Section: Humanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment of Rice Farming Practices in Indonesia

Pharmawati,

Wahyuningsih,

Cahyaningrum

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Indonesian farmers have practiced rice farming for centuries. However, chemical application and agricultural mechanization emit pollution, i.e., ethylene, CO2, and SO2. This study identifies GHG emissions from four rice farming practices, i.e., conventional, organic, integrated crop management, and rice intensification. OpenLCA 1.11 software was employed to calculate the environmental impacts of rice farming practices (ha/year), and the calculation was based on the CML-IA baseline methodology. This study assesses the life cycle of pre-planting to the production of rice. Diesel-fueled machinery in rice farming contributes most to environmental quality degradation, mainly from water pump and tractor utilization. Conventional rice farming emits the highest pollutants compared to organic rice farming, rice intensification, or integrated crop management. On the contrary, rice intensification generated the lowest pollutants. In conclusion, fossil fuel utilization contributes more to rice farming practices than chemicals or organic fertilizer application.

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Greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields in Bangladesh compared to top twenty rice producing countries and emission reduction strategies

Cited by 8 publications

References 53 publications

Environmental Impacts of Rice Intensification Using High-Yielding Varieties: Evidence from Mazandaran, Iran

Environmental Impacts of Rice Intensification Using High-Yielding Varieties: Evidence from Mazandaran, Iran

Environmental imprints of agricultural and livestock produce: A scoping review from South Asian countries

Life Cycle Assessment of Rice Farming Practices in Indonesia

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