Greenhouse gas emissions from green waste composting windrow

Zhu‐Barker, Xia; Bailey, Shannon K.; U, Kyaw Tha Paw; Burger, Martin; Horwáth, William R.

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2016.10.004

Cited by 77 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We identified 17 studies with 53 estimates of total emissions (emissions factors) from composting [5,7,10,36,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61]; the studies spanned different composting processes and methods for emission measurement, feedstocks, and time scales (figure 3; table S1). Most studies used static chamber measurements, which yield periodic measurements of greenhouse gas concentrations at the surface of the composting pile.…”

Section: Greenhouse Gas Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the studies that have measured emissions from composting e.g. [7][8][9][10], few measured continuously, few measured at field scale [10] and estimates of total emissions vary widely (table S1 is available online at stacks.iop.org/ERL/14/ 124027/mmedia). One reason composting emissions are poorly constrained is that effective measurement requires technologically advanced instrumentation due to the scale and heterogeneity of compost piles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Greenhouse gas emissions from windrow composting of organic wastes: Patterns and emissions factors

Vergara

Silver

2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Direct emissions from commercial-scale composting are uncertain. We used micrometeorological methods to continuously measure greenhouse gas (CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O) emissions from full composting of green waste and manure. We measured oxygen (O 2 ), moisture, and temperature continuously inside the composting pile, and analyzed chemical and physical characteristics of the feedstock weekly as potential drivers of emissions. Temperature, moisture, and O 2 all varied significantly by week. Feedstock porosity, C:N, and potential N mineralization all declined significantly over time. Potential net nitrification remained near zero throughout. CH 4 and CO 2 fluxes, indicators of feedstock lability, were variable, and most emissions (75% and 50% respectively) occurred during the first three weeks of composting. Total CH 4 emitted was 1.7±0.32 g CH 4 kg −1 feedstock, near the median literature value using different approaches (1.4 g CH 4 kg −1 ). N 2 O concentrations remained below the instrument detection. Oxygen, moisture and temperature exhibited threshold effects on CH 4 emissions. Net lifecycle emissions were negative (−690 g CO 2 -e kg −1 ), however, after considering avoided emissions and sinks. Managing composting piles to minimize methanogenesis-by maintaining sufficient O 2 concentrations, and focusing on the first three weeks-could reduce emissions, contributing to the climate change mitigation benefit of composting.

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Section: Greenhouse Gas Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse gas emissions from windrow composting of organic wastes: Patterns and emissions factors

Vergara

Silver

2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…Gas concentrations act as indicators of a biological degradation and thus lead to optimization possibilities. Regarding the CH 4 emission, previous studies show it is linked to the microorganisms' activity and also connected to pH and temperature (Zhu-Barker et al 2017). During the process, pile I and II follow the recommendations and moisture content profile of a proper composting process, while pile III maintains a high WC during the 35 days leading to constant CH 4 emissions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…During the process, temperature has been one key factor in composting which has been used as a tool to follow the degree of stabilization as a result of microbial activities during the process (Bueno et al 2007). One of the disadvantages of composting is the formation of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane (CH 4 ) that enhance the global warming (Zhu-Barker et al 2017). The GHG formation occurs from the activity of microorganisms during the composting process (Sun et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced composting as a way to a climate-friendly management of coffee by-products

Ruiz

Reiser

Kranert

2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This study investigated the performance of aerobic windrow systems by using coffee by-products and green waste to reduce gaseous emissions. Thereafter, a comparison with the current treatment and gaseous emissions at a Coffee Mill in Costa Rica was made. Two different studies where performed in Germany (pile I and II) and one study in a Coffee Mill in Costa Rica (pile III). Temperature, water content, and pH were the key parameters controlled over 35 days in all the systems. Moreover, CH 4 emission rates were quantified by a FTIR and by a portable gas detector device where the emissions reached values 100 times higher when coffee by-products as a unique material for the composting process was used. Results show that highest emission rates during the composting process for pile I was 0.007 g(m 2) −1 h −1 , for pile II 0.006 g(m 2) −1 h −1 , and for pile III 3.1 g(m 2) −1 h −1. It was found that CH 4 emissions could be avoided if the mixture and the formation of the windrow piles were performed following the key parameter for composting, and the usage of additional material is used. With this, the reduction of CH 4 emissions at the Mill in Costa Rica could be achieved in the future.

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“…The initial total organic carbon content was 47.37%, 43.14%, 41.84%, 47.15%, 42.63%, 39.27%, 47.37%, 43.10%, 40.79%, and decreased to 46.57%, 42.55%, 39.20%, 43.70%, 39.57%, 30.00%, 43.78%, 38.64% and 31.07% at the completion of the composting period, respectively. As the process of composting advances, the organic carbon is converted to inorganic carbon such as CO 2 , which is emitted into the compost mass [33,34]. A lower depletion rate of total organic carbon Agronomy 2020, 10, 288 6 of 18 was observed in T1 (1.69%) and T2 (1.37%) compared to T6 (23.61%) and T9 (23.82%) with a higher depletion rate.…”

Section: Organic Carbon Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Addition of Bovine Bone and Cow Manure: Rapid Composting of Chestnut Burrs and Production of a High-quality Chestnut Seedling Substrate

Chen

Tian

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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In China, chestnut burrs (CB) are produced at a rate of a million tons per year as the major byproduct of chestnut orchards. It is necessary to utilize the chestnut forest green waste and convert it into a valuable seedling media for the sustainable cultivation of chestnut seedlings. In this study, we composted CB with two waste products of cattle farming, namely cow manure (CM) and bovine bone (BM). We also evaluated the potential of CB compost application in chestnut forest sustainability. Results indicated that the best combination was the addition of 15% BM and 55% CM. This combination significantly improved the composting environment by increasing pH, enhancing phosphorus concentration and mineral elements such as Ca, Na, Mg and Zn, and shortened the composting period to 38 days. This combination also resulted in the highest content of citric acid-P (109.20 times than the control treatment) and the lowest content of NH 4 + -N (0.28 times than control treatment) indicating a better N and P structure of the final compost product. This combination achieved a greater degradation rate of CB cellulose (61.45%), hemicellulose (37.87%), and a more significant degradation of outer epidermis structure. When CB compost was used as a growing media, a significant decrease in photosynthesis stress of chestnut seedlings was observed, which was mainly manifested as a decrease in photochemical quenching (qP) and an increase of the maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry under dark-adaption (Fv/Fm). Addition of 10% CB compost (in volume basis) is suggested, which resulted in the tallest chestnut seedlings (59.83 cm) with a stem diameter of 0.91 cm after six months of growth. In summary, this research provides an environmentally friendly strategy for chestnut orchard sustainability: rapid composting of CB, then immediate application as a high-quality substrate for chestnut seedlings.Agronomy 2020, 10, 288 2 of 18 step for chestnut production. The popularization of burr removal equipment has resulted in the need for intensive management of CB. Due to CB recalcitrant biodegradability and knotty spicular structure, incineration is still the main method of dealing with CB waste [3,4]. Since CB, as FGW, is rich in organic matter and minerals, it is desirable to convert it into a high value byproduct such as compost.Composting is a popular and clean method to dispose of FGW [5]. Mature FGW compost has high porosity and high organic carbon content and can be utilized as a high-quality soil amendment [6]. Shrestha et al. [7] reported that the application of compost increased soil organic carbon content, reduced CO 2 and N 2 O emissions, and increased CH 4 uptake. Chehab et al. [8] indicated that the olive FGW compost amendment resulted in an increased performance in mature olive trees and in a maximum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm). Composting recycles organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous, and mineral elements in the FGW when growing seedlings [9]. In a recent study, Shalizi et al. [10] increased the biomass of Eucalyptus bentham...

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Greenhouse gas emissions from green waste composting windrow

Cited by 77 publications

References 23 publications

Greenhouse gas emissions from windrow composting of organic wastes: Patterns and emissions factors

Greenhouse gas emissions from windrow composting of organic wastes: Patterns and emissions factors

Enhanced composting as a way to a climate-friendly management of coffee by-products

Combined Addition of Bovine Bone and Cow Manure: Rapid Composting of Chestnut Burrs and Production of a High-quality Chestnut Seedling Substrate

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