Greenhouse gas emissions comparison of solid waste transportation system: a case study in Thailand

Abstract

During the early periods of civilization, solid waste was conveniently collected transported and disposed because of the low number of population. However, waste generation is expected to increase becasue of rapid population growth and consequently shows an increase in solid waste collection, transportation, and disposal. Waste transportation planning is a difficult task due to the issues of the increasing numbers of garbage vehicles and the fluctuation of fuel prices as well as the cost-effectiveness and health and environmental impacts. An unsustainable waste collection and transportation is heading towards a variety of indirect human health impacts. Accordingly, the vehicle routing problem (VRP) plays a significant role in the field of waste collection and transportation system. This study compares three different Life Cycle Assessment (LCA approaches for the waste transport in Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand. The three scenarios are modelled using GaBi 7 software tool and results are presented based on the CML 2001. The assessment outcomes indicated that the routing optimization with diesel and electric garbage trucks could significantly reduce the GWP impact by 8.51% and 66.44% compared to the baseline scenario, respectively.

Recyclables Collection Route Balancing Problem with Heterogeneous Fleet

“…Constraints ( 15) and ( 16) enable the computation of the arrival time (i.e., distance) x vit of garbage truck v at pickup point i in planning period t. Arrival times are computed only if in the planning period t garbage truck v traverses edge (i, j), otherwise big constant M makes these contracts "inactive". Constraints ( 17) set arrival at node 0 to 0, which is interpreted as departure from depot and the beginning of the route of vehicle v in planning period t. Similarly, constraints (18) forbid the use of vehicle v after the end of working day s v .…”

“…According to the The European Green Deal, the EU Member Countries are obliged to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 [17]; therefore, it is strongly recommended-and in the European Union, to some extent, even mandatory-to replace conventional-fuel-based vocational vehicles, including garbage trucks with zero-emission ones, e.g., electric vehicles [18,19]. In Poland, where electromobility still holds a small share of the transportation sector [20], the Act on Electromobility and Alternative Fuels obliges municipal service providers to guarantee that 30% of their fleets are comprised of zero-emission vehicles (ZEV) by 2028; the act foresees the following thresholds to reach: 5% by 2021, 10% in 2022, and 20% in 2025 [21].…”

Strategic Decision-Making for Multi-Period Fleet Transition Towards Zero-Emission: Preliminary Study

“…Consequently, there exists a pressing need for innovation in several key areas, including the integration of dynamic resource flow modeling, resource allocation in conjunction with urban and regional planning and design, and the consideration of human behavioral factors. In the EU, there is a strong recommendation, even a requirement, to withdraw diesel-powered vocational vehicles and compose the fleet using zero-emission alternatives, e.g., hybrid, hydrogen, or electric cars [16,17]. In Poland, where electromobility still has a small share of the market [18], the Act on Electromobility and Alternative Fuels required organizations responsible for delivering services within a municipality to undertake actions towards transforming their fleet compositions, so that by 2028, 30% of their vehicle can be considered as zero-emission vehicles (ZEV).…”

Preliminary Realization of an Electric-Powered Hydraulic Pump System for a Waste Compactor Truck and a Techno-Economic Analysis

“…Cost analysis considers the purchase of the electric power system and its maintenance, in addition to the diesel fuel consumption and the electricity demand for battery recharging. The considered time horizon was taken according to the vehicle lifespan and assumed to be 12 years [34]. Furthermore, it was assumed that the vehicle was used 5 days per week, for a total of 260 collection scenarios per year.…”