Greenhouse gas emissions, abatement and control: the role of coal

Smith, Irene M.; Thambimuthu, K V

doi:10.1021/ef00037a003

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Studies on post-combustion treatment of stack gases from conventional power plants have demonstrated that the energy penalties for CO, separation are high (Smith and Thambimuthu, 1991; Riemer, 1993). Therefore, CO, capture and sequestriation technologies must be developed that offer substantially reduced costs and, when possible, with value-added benefits.…”

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confidence: 99%

Coal combustion in O₂/CO₂ mixtures compared with air

2000

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n 1996, coal was used to generate 25% of the electricity produced worldwide. Because of its large reserves, coal will certainly continue I to play a major role in energy production in North America and worldwide. During the past decade concern has grown about greenhouse gas emissions (CO, , CH, , N, O) and their potential impact on climate change. Since coal-fired power plants account for about 1 1 % of CO, emissions, clean and efficient combustion technologies need to be developed for use in existing and new coal-fired power generation plants.To reduce CO, , one of the most attractive solutions in the medium term is to remove CO, from flue gas stacks. Studies on post-combustion treatment of stack gases from conventional power plants have demonstrated that the energy penalties for CO, separation are high (Smith and Thambimuthu, 1991; Riemer, 1993). Therefore, CO, capture and sequestriation technologies must be developed that offer substantially reduced costs and, when possible, with value-added benefits.One application that offers secondary economic benefits while reducing CO, emissions from coal-fired power generation plants i s the use of CO, in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operations. The potential for CO, use in EOR is relatively large in the USA and Canada. For example, in Western Canada, it is estimated that about 277 million tonnes of CO, can be stored over a 15-year period through EORoperations. The estimated CO, capacity in this time frame could reduce up to 5% of the annual Canadian CO, emissions. Another very attractive application is the use of CO, for enhanced coal bed methane (CBM) recovery. Methane i s produced from deep coal seams by injecting CO, and with the CO, being retained underground with its preferential adsorption in the coal seams. In the longer term, other environmentally sound, albeit more costly, methods of gas disposal such as in aquifers and disused gas and oil wells can be found for the permanent stroage of CO, removed from coal-fired power generation plants.Conventional technologies for removing CO, from the stack gas in existing coal-fired power plants are expensive because CO, i s diluted (typically about 14 vol% on a dry basis) and because the flue gas needs to be pretreated. The cost of gas separation can be reduced by increasing the concentration of CO, in the flue gas. This can be achieved by increasing the oxygen in the feed gas and, eventually, by recycling part of the flue gas (weller et al., 1985). Coal combustion at higher oxygen concentration is particularly attractive, not only because it helps reduce the cost of CO, separation in the flue gas, but also because it reduces the volume of inert gas present such as nitrogen, thus increasing boiler *Authors to whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail addresses: ecroiset@ uwaterloo.ca; kelly. thambimuthu@nrcan.gc.ca thesent address: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.As part of CO, abatement strategies for climate change, we are investigating coal combusion behaviour in various...

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Coal combustion in O₂/CO₂ mixtures compared with air

2000

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“…For example, when coal, as a fossil fuel, is burned, a number of gases are released in process. Greenhouse gases from coal include methane (CH4), released during hard coal production and most important carbon dioxide (CO2), as well as nitrous oxide (N2O), which are emitted when coal is used (Smith, Thambimuthu, 1991). It is highly important for countries to ensure that their emissions stay within limits that may later be negotiated and taken into action towards UNFCCC objective of stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions.…”

Section: Unfcc Conventions Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement On CLImentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasible engineering solutions to reduce carbon dioxide pollution in the atmosphere using natural and human made sinks

Najdić¹,

Munitić²

2018

Serb J Engin Manag

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Rukovodeći se Okvirnom Konvencijom Ujedinjenih nacija o klimatskim promenama (UNFCCC) iz 1992. godine, kao i Kjoto protokolom 1997. godine, Ujedinjene nacije su napravile ambiciozan plan da će od 2015. godine glavni ciljevi sveta i svih država članica UN-a, biti put ka klimatski bezbednoj ekonomiji i promovisanju ekonomskog razvoja zemalja trećeg sveta, a koji se u znatnoj meri oslanjaju na usaglašavanje sa ciljevima održivog razvoja i na Pariski sporazum o klimatskim promenama. Tehnologija industrijskog vremena koja koristi fosilna goriva za proizvodnju energije je i dalje uobičajena praksa koju mnogi, čak i visoko razvijene zemlje koriste. Prekomerna upotreba i masovna nekontrolisana eksploatacija prirodnih resursa, među kojima su najčešće uništavanje šuma, uglja, ulja i prirodnog gasa, može dovesti do povećanog i neuravnoteženog emitovanja ugljen-dioksida u atmosferu Zemlje, što može dodatno dovesti do povećanja nivoa Zemljine temperature. U ovom radu ćemo izložiti studiju slučaja projekta Weyburn-Midale ugljendioksid, koji se smatra najvećim svetskim projektom za odvajanje i skladištenje ugljenika u veštačkim skladištima, koji se nalazi u Kanadi, u Midaleu, Saskatchewan. Pored toga, kao moguću opciju, predstavićemo podatke o pošumljavanju u regionu Amazona u Latinskoj Americi, kao jedan od najambicioznijih planova za obnovu ekosistema, kao i projekat pošumljavanja u Shandongu, u Kini, koji doprinose i okruženju i ekonomskom razvoju regiona. Sve ove opcije trebaju da pokažu da su dovoljno primenljive u smanjivanju zagađenja ugljen-dioksidom u atmosferi. Obe opcije, veštačka skladišta, kao i prirodni načini smanjenja zagađenja ugljenikom kroz povećanje prirodnih prostora za skladištenje, trebali bi se posmatrati kao dugoročni plan koji može koristiti visoko razvijenim zemljama, i istovremeno biti održiv i pristupačan zemljama sa manjom ekonomskom snagom.

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“…So new methods for reduction of CO 2 emissions have to be developed that are also environmentally friendly. CO 2 has a very long lifetime, namely 120 years, within a possible range of 50-200 years (Smith and Thambimuthu, 1993). So it is necessary to decrease CO 2 emissions to avoid accumulation in the atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofiltration of Carbon Dioxide Using Algae

Govind¹,

Singh²

2010

proc water environ fed

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As this paper was being finalized, world leaders were meeting in Copenhagen to lay the ground work for a global agreement on climate change. Carbon dioxide is one of the main gases that has been implicated in global climate change or global climate disruption. Methods to control the atmospheric accumulation of carbon dioxide include scrubbing with alkaline solutions, adsorption, and bioconversion using cyanobacteria and phototrophic cultures. The first two methods are energy intensive processes and produce several environmentally unfriendly waste streams. In this paper, a novel technique for biofiltration of carbon dioxide by Tetraselmis suecica is presented here. The major advantages of using Tetraselmis suecica include: (1) the inherent buffering action of the marine algae that maintains the pH at 8.5; and (2) the requirement of a limited spectrum of light by the marine algae. Gallium-Aluminum-Arsenic (GaAlAs) light emitting diodes (LED's) emit light in the range required by Tetraselmis suecica. These GaAlAs LED's were put in series on both sides of the photobioreactor in a cascading manner for maximum photosynthesis activity. Laboratory scale experiments were carried out in a bubbling photobioreactor with different liquid recycle rate and photobioreactor conditions to determine the reaction kinetics and develop a process model that can be applied for a full-scale design. For liquid residence time of about 1 second, the carbon dioxide removal efficiency was about 4% in the photobioreactor. Further, the experimental data matched closely with the model calculations. Area requirement and pressure drop calculation carried out between a sparged bioreactor and spray chamber bioreactor for the same operating condition indicated spray chamber bioreactor to be a better alternative than a sparged bioreactor. In spray chamber bioreactor, the area requirements are about a 100 fold less than that for a sparged bioreactor. Also the pressure drop is negligible across the spray chamber bioreactor in comparison to a sparged bioreactor. Based on the process model, it has been determined that for separation of 7000 million tons CO 2 /year and 95 % removal efficiency, 15 units of 25 m diameter and 52 m height will be required.

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Greenhouse gas emissions, abatement and control: the role of coal

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Coal combustion in O₂/CO₂ mixtures compared with air

Coal combustion in O₂/CO₂ mixtures compared with air

Feasible engineering solutions to reduce carbon dioxide pollution in the atmosphere using natural and human made sinks

Biofiltration of Carbon Dioxide Using Algae

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Greenhouse gas emissions, abatement and control: the role of coal

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Coal combustion in O2/CO2 mixtures compared with air

Coal combustion in O2/CO2 mixtures compared with air

Feasible engineering solutions to reduce carbon dioxide pollution in the atmosphere using natural and human made sinks

Biofiltration of Carbon Dioxide Using Algae

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Coal combustion in O₂/CO₂ mixtures compared with air

Coal combustion in O₂/CO₂ mixtures compared with air