Greenhouse Gas Balance for Composting Operations

Brown, Sally; Kruger, Chad E.; Subler, Scott

doi:10.2134/jeq2007.0453

Cited by 125 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…The primary benefit of composting is that it reduces CH 4 emissions compared with storage of manure under anaerobic conditions (Brown et al, 2008). However, depending on the intensity of composting, NH 3 losses can be particularly high, reaching up to 50% of the total manure N (Peigné and Girardin, 2004).…”

Section: Compostingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the aeration of compost reduces CH 4 emissions (Thompson et al, 2004;Jiang et al, 2011b;Park et al, 2011), but can increase NH 3 and N 2 O losses (Tao et al, 2011). However, the review by Brown et al (2008) concluded that, even in a worst-case scenario, the increase in N emissions is minimal in comparison with the benefits associated with the CH 4 reductions.…”

Section: Compostingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Technical options for the mitigation of direct methane and nitrous oxide emissions from livestock: a review

Gerber

Hristov

Henderson

et al. 2013

Animal

311

218

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Although livestock production accounts for a sizeable share of global greenhouse gas emissions, numerous technical options have been identified to mitigate these emissions. In this review, a subset of these options, which have proven to be effective, are discussed. These include measures to reduce CH 4 emissions from enteric fermentation by ruminants, the largest single emission source from the global livestock sector, and for reducing CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from manure. A unique feature of this review is the high level of attention given to interactions between mitigation options and productivity. Among the feed supplement options for lowering enteric emissions, dietary lipids, nitrates and ionophores are identified as the most effective. Forage quality, feed processing and precision feeding have the best prospects among the various available feed and feed management measures. With regard to manure, dietary measures that reduce the amount of N excreted (e.g. better matching of dietary protein to animal needs), shift N excretion from urine to faeces (e.g. tannin inclusion at low levels) and reduce the amount of fermentable organic matter excreted are recommended. Among the many 'end-of-pipe' measures available for manure management, approaches that capture and/or process CH 4 emissions during storage (e.g. anaerobic digestion, biofiltration, composting), as well as subsurface injection of manure, are among the most encouraging options flagged in this section of the review. The importance of a multiple gas perspective is critical when assessing mitigation potentials, because most of the options reviewed show strong interactions among sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The paper reviews current knowledge on potential pollution swapping, whereby the reduction of one GHG or emission source leads to unintended increases in another.

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Section: Compostingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compostingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical options for the mitigation of direct methane and nitrous oxide emissions from livestock: a review

Gerber

Hristov

Henderson

et al. 2013

Animal

311

218

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These emissions are dependent on the technology of the plant and the machinery used such as shredders, front-loaders, turning equipment, screenings and other processing activities. These emissions are beyond the scope of this review but updated information can be found elsewhere (Boldrin et al 2009;Scheutz et al 2009;Lou and Nair 2009;Brown et al 2008).…”

Section: Carbon Dioxide (Co 2 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse gas emissions from organic waste composting

et al. 2015

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There is actually a common consensus in using biological technologies for the treatment of organic wastes. For instance, composting is used for aerobic biological stabilisation of organic wastes. The amount of materials and the variety of wastes composted are increasing. However, composting is inherently a process generating gaseous emissions. Greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide from compost are of special relevance for global warming. Although a part of these gases is inherent to the process, another important part can be abated by low-cost biological technologies such as biofiltration and its variations. This article reviews the emission of GHG from composting gases, from detection and measurement to minimisation and abatement. Special emphasis is given to the measurement of GHG to obtain reliable emission factors for the different composting technologies. These factors will help to compare different waste treatment options based on overall analysis tools such as life cycle assessment. A specific chapter is related to carbon and nitrogen dynamics in the composting matrix, and their consequences on the production of carbon and nitrogen gases. Finally, we present a review of the best available practices to minimise the GHG emissions from composting and the final treatment of composting offgases.

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“…Greenhouse gases such as methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) are produced through the treatment of dairy manure (Brown et al 2008;Davidson 2009). Because it is known that CH 4 and N 2 O have strong greenhouse effects ) and 298-fold (N 2 O) greater than the greenhouse effects of CO 2 over a 100-year time horizon; IPCC 2007], and N 2 O is also known to contribute to ozone layer destruction (Ravishankara et al 2009), these gas emissions must be mitigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of greenhouse gas emission from the cattle manure composting process by use of a bulking agent

Maeda¹,

Hanajima

Morioka

et al. 2013

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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The greenhouse gas (GHG) [methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O)] mitigation effects of mixing dried grass into passively-aerated manure during the composting process (which accounts for 68.7% of Japanese dairy manure management) were assessed. Gaseous emissions [CH 4 , N 2 O, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and ammonia (NH 3 )] from about 4 t of fresh dairy manure with or without 400 kg of dried grass mixed in were measured by the dynamic chamber method. The addition of dried grass contributed to a decrease in GHG emissions from 20.8 AE 1.3 g kg À1 volatile solids (VS) to 5.4 AE 1.4 g kg À1 VS (74.3% mitigation) for CH 4 and from 7.4 AE 2.6 g N 2 O-N kg À1 N initial to 2.7 AE 0.4 g N 2 O-N kg À1 N initial (62.8% mitigation) for N 2 O. By applying this strategy, the expected reduction of GHG emission would be 70,466 t CH 4 yr À1 and 1379 t N 2 O-N yr À1(1907 Gg CO 2 eq. yr À1 in total) in the Japanese dairy sector. On the other hand, it was showed that CO 2 and NH 3 emissions increase [from 424.4 AE 214.9 g CO 2 kg À1 VS to 603.8 AE 99.6 g CO 2 kg À1 VS for CO 2 and from 16.9 AE 7.1 g ammonium-nitrogen (NH 3 -N) kg À1 N initial to 38.3 AE 3.5 g NH 3 -N kg À1 N initial for NH 3 ] by this method. Moreover, the mechanism of this significant N 2 O mitigation effect cannot be explained, and a better understanding of this effect could further improve the GHG mitigation strategy.

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Greenhouse Gas Balance for Composting Operations

Cited by 125 publications

References 56 publications

Technical options for the mitigation of direct methane and nitrous oxide emissions from livestock: a review

Technical options for the mitigation of direct methane and nitrous oxide emissions from livestock: a review

Greenhouse gas emissions from organic waste composting

Mitigation of greenhouse gas emission from the cattle manure composting process by use of a bulking agent

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