Green vehicle technology to enhance the performance of a European port: A simulation model with a cost-benefit approach

Abstract

In this paper, we study the impact of using a new intelligent vehicle technology on the performance and total cost of a European port, in comparison with existing vehicle systems like trucks. Intelligent autonomous vehicles (IAVs) are a new type of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) with better maneuverability and a special ability to pick up/drop o containers by themselves. To identify the most economical eet size for each type of vehicle to satisfy the port's performance target, and also to compare their impact on the performance/cost of container terminals, we developed a discrete-event simulation model to simulate all port activities in micro-level (low-level) details. We also developed a cost model to investigate the present values of using two types of vehicle, given the identi ed eet size. Results of using the di erent types of vehicles * Co-rst authors. These authors contributed equally to this work. Given the best con guration and eet size as identi ed by the simulation, we use the developed cost model to estimate the total cost needed for each type of vehicle to meet the performance target. Finally, we study the performance of the case study port with advanced real-time vehicle dispatching/scheduling and container placement strategies. This study reveals that the case study port can greatly bene t from upgrading its current vehicle dispatching/scheduling strategy to a more advanced one.

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