Green two-echelon closed and open location-routing problem: application of NSGA-II and MOGWO metaheuristic approaches

Abstract

Nowadays organizations outsource transportation of goods or services to reduce cost which leads to a particular type of problem called open location-routing. Also, each logistic organization possesses a limited number of specific vehicles that may not be enough in certain circumstances. This issue indicates the importance of simultaneously considering both open and closed routs. On the other hand, the growing concerns about the detrimental environmental impacts of human activities reveal the necessity of paying attention to environmental issues in logistics. In this study, a bi-objective mathematical programming model is proposed for two-echelon close and open location-routing problem (2E-COLRP) including two echelons of factories, depots and customers to minimize costs and CO 2 emissions. The proposed model finds the optimal routs, optimal number of vehicles and facilities as well as the locations of facilities. The augmented epsilon constraint method is used as an exact method to solve the small-sized problems. Due to complexity of model, two metaheuristic algorithms named MOGWO and NSGA-II are utilized to tackle the problems. The efficiency of two aforementioned algorithms is evaluated in terms of several indices considering 22 problem instances with various sizes. The results show that MOGWO performs better than NSGA-II.

A hybrid metaheuristic approach for solving a bi-objective capacitated electric vehicle routing problem with time windows and partial recharging

“…Supposing that F(A) represents the Pareto frontier of the solution A, the MID index is calculated as follows:Where ∥Isol−pa∥2 shows the Euclidean distance of the solution pa ℇ F(A) from the ideal solution. It is clear that the smaller value the better (Heidari et al ., 2022; Behnamian et al ., 2009). Diversity…”

“…Where k I sol − pak 2 shows the Euclidean distance of the solution pa ℇ FðAÞ from the ideal solution. It is clear that the smaller value the better (Heidari et al, 2022;Behnamianet al, 2009). (3) Diversity…”

Considering sustainability and resilience in a location-routing problem

“…Among the various environmental externalities generated by the logistics networks operation, emission of greenhouse gases has been the most addressed in multi-objective LRPs. Different authors have addressed bi-objective approaches considering the minimization of transportation cost and CO2 emissions (Alamatsaz, Ahmadi & Mirzapour-Al-e-hashem, 2022;Heidari, Imani, Khalilzadeh & Sarbazvatan, 2022). Ouhader and El-Kyal (2017) consider a two-echelon LRP defining as objectives the maximization of created job opportunities besides the minimization of total cost and CO2 emissions.…”

A Methodology for Planning City Logistics Concepts Based on City-Dry Port Micro-Consolidation Centres

“…Those costs, in most cases, refer to operational costs, satellite development, and satellite exploitation costs [28,32,33]. Some articles, besides costs, consider the minimization of external costs as well [34][35][36]. Objective functions that were less frequently considered in the literature are the minimization of service duration time [27], profit maximization [37], resource utilization rate maximization [38], demand coverage maximization [39], customer satisfaction maximization [40], risk minimization [41], etc.…”