Green tea aqueous extract (GTAE) prevents high‐fat diet‐induced obesity by activating fat browning

Abstract

The global prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased markedly, and obesity has become a serious health concern (Afshin et al., 2017). Moreover, obesity is a risk factor for the development of many diseases, including type-2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and several cancer types among others (Hruby & Hu, 2015;Ren et al., 2021). Emerging evidence suggests the occurrence of pathogenic events in the development and progression of obesity-associated comorbidities, including lowgrade systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance (Hernandez-Bautista et al., 2019;Romeo et al., 2012). Therefore, it is critical to investigate the physiological mechanisms during the occurrence and development of obesity.In mammals, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is metabolically highly active and dissipates energy as heat through nonshivering thermogenesis (Cannon & Nedergaard, 2004). In addition, BAT is a multilocular organ that contains a relatively large number of mitochondria that produce heat via uncoupling of the respiratory chain (Poekes et al., 2015). BAT maintains temperature in newborn infants and small mammals (McMillan & White, 2015). Recent studies have demonstrated that adults also possess metabolically active brown fat or "beige adipocyte" (browning of white adipose

Herbal Tea Essences (HTE) Ameliorate HFD-Induced Obesity

“…We found that insulin, AKT, and AMPK signalling were afected by HTE, resulting in modulation of the expression levels of lipid and glucose metabolism-related genes. It has been reported that tea or tea products can prevent HFD-induced obesity by several mechanisms, such as activating fat browning [33,34], modulating gut microbiota [35,36], and infuencing lipid metabolism [37]. Our study showed that HTE had signifcant efects on lipid metabolism.…”

Natural products as novel anti-obesity agents: insights into mechanisms of action and potential for therapeutic management

“…Nonetheless, green tea may regulate the PPAR/FGF21/AMPK/UCP1 pathway, which then enhance thermogenic cells induction by reprogramming the first phase of adipocyte differentiation ( Bolin et al, 2020 ). Furthermore, green tea aqueous extract is shown to promote browning markers in inguinal WAT ( Li et al, 2021 ). In line with this, the aqueous extract of green tea markedly increased PGC-1α activation.…”