It is commonly known that silymarin, a phytoconstituent
obtained
from the
Silybum marianum
plant, has
hepatoprotective and antioxidative properties. However, its low oral
bioavailability and poor water solubility negatively impact its therapeutic
efficacy. The goal of the present study was to determine the efficiency
of the
Cordia myxa
extract-based synthesized
zeolitic imidazole metal–organic framework (CME@ZIF-8 MOF)
for increasing silymarin’s bioavailability. A coprecipitation
technique was used to synthesize the CME@ZIF-8 and polyethylene glycol-coated
silymarin-loaded MOFs (PEG-Sily@CME@ZIF-8) and a complete factorial
design was used to optimize them. The crystalline size of CME@ZIF-8
was 14.7 nm and the size of PEG-Sily@CME@ZIF-8 was 17.39 nm. The loading
percentage of the silymarin drug in CME@ZIF-8 was 33.5%. The optimized
formulations were then characterized by ultraviolet–visible
(UV–vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform
IR spectroscopy, surface morphology, gas chromatography–mass
spectrometry, and drug release in an in vitro medium. Additionally,
a rat model was used to investigate the optimized formulation’s
in vivo hepatoprotective effectiveness. The synthesized silymarin-loaded
CME@ZIF-8 MOFs were distinct particles with a porous, spongelike shape
and a diameter of (size) nm. Furthermore, the designed silymarin-loaded
PEG-Sily@CME@ZIF-8 MOF formulation exhibited considerable silymarin
release from the synthesized formula in dissolution investigations.
The in vivo evaluation studies demonstrated that the prepared PEG-Sily@CME@ZIF-8
MOFs effectively exhibited a hepatoprotective effect in comparison
with free silymarin in a CCl4-based induced-hepatotoxicity rat model
via ameliorating the normal antioxidant enzyme levels and restoring
the cellular abnormalities produced by CCl4 toxication. In combination,
biologically produced CME@ZIF-8 may promise to be a viable biologically
based nanocarrier that can enhance the loading and release of silymarin
medication, which has low solubility in water.