Green Synthesized AgNPs Embedded in COF: An Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of 2‐Oxazolidinones and α‐Alkylidene Cyclic Carbonates via CO₂ Fixation

Abstract

The synthesis of important organic chemicals through sustainable and green methods is always demanding for the scientific community. Fixation of carbon dioxide for this purpose is very attractive as CO2 is non‐toxic, easily available, naturally abundant, recyclable, non‐flammable and an inexpensive C1 resource, and also the concentration of CO2 (most responsible greenhouse gas) is reduced. This article demonstrates the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by an eco‐friendly method and incorporation of the particles into a covalent organic framework in order to obtain a sustainable heterogeneous catalyst, AgN@COF. The catalyst has been characterized in detail by FT‐IR,UV‐Vis. spectroscopy, FE‐SEM, TEM, EDAX, XPS, PXRD, ICP‐AES, TG‐DTA and N2 absorption‐desorption studies. The synthesized catalyst is able to fix CO2 to terminal propargylic amine and propargylic alcohol for the production of 2‐oxazolidinones and α‐alkylidene cyclic carbonates, respectively, through two different catalytic pathways. In both catalytic protocols, one atmospheric carbon dioxide was used. Production of α‐alkylidene cyclic carbonates occurred at room temperature and solvent‐free condition, and 2‐oxazolidinones were obtained under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, the catalyst is recyclable and reusable. Its catalytic efficacy was preserved even after the use of six consecutive catalytic cycles.

Exovinylene Cyclic Carbonates: Multifaceted CO2‐Based Building Blocks for Modern Chemistry and Polymer Science

“…Nonetheless, the Ag 0 -decorated (micro)porous organic polymer derived from Rose Bengal [63] (18) and also Ag 0 COF catalysts used in combination with DBU seem promising. [67,68] Remarkably, these catalysts were reused up to 5-10 times without any significant loss in activity. This suggested the absence of leaching or aggregation of the Ag 0 particles.…”

“…In addition, the CO 2 adsorption capacity and turnover number (TON) are not reported for all systems. Nonetheless, the Ag 0 ‐decorated (micro)porous organic polymer derived from Rose Bengal [63] ( 18 ) and also Ag 0 COF catalysts used in combination with DBU seem promising [67, 68] . Remarkably, these catalysts were reused up to 5–10 times without any significant loss in activity.…”

“…In 2016, Wang et al underlined the ability of Ag 0 nanoparticles to activate the propargylic alcohol triple bond and act as a cocatalyst in its transformation with CO 2 . [60] This discovery opened a new avenue in the development of heterogeneous catalysts via the deposition of Ag 0 nanoparticles on various supports including (porous) activated carbon, [60] reduced graphene nanosheets ( 14), [61] ion-exchange resin, [62] (meso)porous polymers, [63][64][65][66] and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) [67,68] (Scheme 7). The textural properties of the supports (meso-, micro-, or macroporosity, absence of porosity, support size, and shape) as well as the particle size (from 1 to 50 nm) are the key features determining the distribution of Ag 0 either at the inner…”

Exovinylene Cyclic Carbonates: Multifaceted CO2‐Based Building Blocks for Modern Chemistry and Polymer Science

“…In 2016, Wang et al underlined the ability of Ag 0 nanoparticles to activate the propargylic alcohol triple bond and act as a cocatalyst in its transformation with CO 2 . [60] This discovery opened a new avenue in the development of heterogeneous catalysts via the deposition of Ag 0 nanoparticles on various supports including (porous) activated carbon, [60] reduced graphene nanosheets ( 14), [61] ion-exchange resin, [62] (meso)porous polymers, [63][64][65][66] and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) [67,68] (Scheme 7). The textural properties of the supports (meso-, micro-, or macroporosity, absence of porosity, support size, and shape) as well as the particle size (from 1 to 50 nm) are the key features determining the distribution of Ag 0 either at the inner surface of the pores (internal surface) and/or the outer surface of the support (external surface) and hence the efficiency of the catalyst.…”

An Ecofriendly Synthesis of 2-oxazolidinone From 2-aminoethanol and Urea Under Solvent-free Condition Using CeO2 Nanoparticles

“…Global warming and climate changes, caused by emitted greenhouse gases, have seriously affected human life and the ecological environment [1,2]. According to a recently published report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change about global warming, the total global temperature has risen 1.5 degrees above the pre-industrial amount due to the increase in greenhouse gases emission [3,4].…”