Green Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Biomedical Applications of Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract

Abstract:: Carbon nanotubes are nano sized cylindrical chicken wire like structures made of carbon atoms. Carbon nanotubes have applications in electronics, energy storage, electromagnetic devices, environmental remediation and in medicine as well. The biomedical applications of carbon nanotubes can be owed to features like low toxicity, non-immunogenicity, high in vivo stability and rapid cell entry etc. Carbon nanotubes have great prospect in the treatment of diseases through diagnostic as well as therapeutic approaches. These nanostructures are interesting carriers for delivery and translocation of therapeutic molecules e.g. proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, drugs etc. to various organs like brain, lungs, liver, pancreas etc. Commonly used methods to synthesize carbon nanotubes are arc discharge, chemical vapor deposition, pyrolysis, laser ablation etc. These methods have many disadvantages such as operation at high temperature, use of chemical catalysts, prolonged synthesis time and inclusion of toxic metallic particles in the final product requiring additional purification processes. In order to avoid these setbacks various green chemistry based synthetic methods have been devised e.g. those involving interfacial polymerization, supercritical carbon dioxide drying, plant extract assisted synthesis, water assisted synthesis etc. This review will provide a thorough outlook of the eco-friendly synthesis of carbon nanotubes reported in literature and their biomedical applications. Besides, the most commonly used spectroscopic techniques used for the characterization of carbon nanotubes are also discussed.

Nanomaterials for small diameter vascular grafts: overview and outlook

“…Their particular structure endows SWCNTs with outstanding mechanical, thermal, electrical, and adsorptive properties, making them a multifaceted material in biomedical Review Nanoscale Advances applications. 27,28 In a novel VG design, resveratrol (RSV), a star natural small molecular drug, was conjugated to SWCNTs, and the drug-carrying SWCNTs were then coated as irregular mesh onto the surface of decellularized rat carotids (Fig. 2).…”

Recent Progress on Green New Phase Extraction and Preparation of Polyphenols in Edible Oil

“…Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are a new kind of one-dimensional nanomaterial [25]; CNTs are the typical materials of hollow structure, which are nanotubular materials formed by graphene molecules aligned closely and seamlessly with each other [26]. CNTs have the characteristics of high mechanical strength, low density, resistance to acidity and alkalinity, and chemical stability [27], and the main production processes of CNTs are graphite arc [28], laser evaporation [29] and chemical vapor deposition [30]. CNTs were officially discovered by Japanese scientists Lijima et al [31] in 1991.…”

Eco-friendly synthesis of carbon nanotubes and their cancer theranostic applications

“…71,72 Finding suitable and eco-friendly catalysts with low cost is crucial in producing high-quality CNTs. 73 On the other hand, natural mineral-derived catalysts with advantages of sustainability should be further considered for fabricating carbon-based nanomaterials such as CNTs, because of their low cost, eco-friendliness, and abundant accessibility. 74 For instance, MWCNTs were synthesized using a benign method comprising stone garnet sand (as low cost catalyst and support) and common household gas (as carbon source).…”