Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Egyptian Propolis Extract and its Antimicrobial Activity

Abstract

There is great research interest in synthesizing nanomaterials using environmentally friendly methods due to the many applications of these materials in several fields. In this paper, a facile and green chemistry method was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the Egyptian propolis as reducing and capping agent. Different parameters such as aqueous propolis extract quantity, pH, reaction time, and temperature were investigated to get the optimal conditions for synthesis of AgNPs. When aqueous silver nitrate solution is mixed with aqueous propolis extract, the silver ions are rapidly reduced, resulting in the production of extremely stable, crystalline silver nanoparticles in solution. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using different techniques (FTIR, XRD, Zeta potential, TEM, SEM, and EDX). The sizes of the as synthesized silver nanoparticles were 9.43 and 11.39 nm, according to TEM and XRD analysis, respectively. A negative Zeta potential of -8.8 mV were obtained suggesting stabilization of the AgNPs colloidal solution. The antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was examined and showed a synergism between propolis and AgNPs as expected for gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli while there was no effect for the extract at the concentrations used. The results proved that biosynthesized AgNPs using Egyptian propolis is promising to be an effective antimicrobial product to be used in infections.

The Effect of the Saudi Haloxylon ammodendron Shrub on Silver Nanoparticles: Optimal Biosynthesis, Characterization, Removability of Mercury Ions, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities

“…For the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, this wavelength value of maximum absorption is consistent with the values measured in previous studies [53]. It depends on the concentrations of silver salt and the functional groups in the plant used in the reaction [54][55][56].…”

“…The best absorption is for sample p3, pH = 7.5, and this means the probability of silver nanoparticle formation increases in the neutral reaction medium. As well as the absorption peak, which is related to the size and shape of the formed Ag-NPs, the role of the pH factor is to increase and alter the electrical charges of biomolecules, which in turn affect the capping, stability, and growth of Ag-NPs [56,60]. This study demonstrated that the…”

Antimicrobial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized using Cladosporium herbarum against Pathogenic Microorganisms

“…The appearance of the brown color was an indication of formation of colloidal silver particles in the medium (Lotfy et al 2021 andMohamed et al 2022). The increase in color intensity may be because of increasing number of synthesized nanoparticles by reduction of silver ions present in the aqueous solution.…”

Biological Activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoaggregates Prepared from the Aqueous Extract of Cymbopogon citratus against Candida spp.

“…Also, the synthesized AgNPs aggregates were agglomerated because of the phenomenon of coagulation of the smaller particles of AgNPs [40]. Another explanation is that DLS measures the hydrodynamic radius of silver particles loaded by the bio-organic material on its surface, so the high intensity of the scattered light measured the larger (false) size of AgNPs, unlike TEM, which showed the actual size [41].…”