Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Cytobacillus firmus Isolated from the Stem Bark of Terminalia arjuna and Their Antimicrobial Activity

Sudarsan, Sujesh; Shankar, Madan Kumar; Motatis, Anil Kumar Belagal Kumar Belagal; Shankar, Sushmitha; Krishnappa, D. G.; Mohan, Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya; Rangappa, Kanchugarakoppal S.; Gupta, Vijai Kumar; Siddaiah, Chandra Nayaka

doi:10.3390/biom11020259

Cited by 36 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Recently, antibacterial experiments using nanoparticles have been actively conducted. Selenium, silver, gold, and ZnO nanoparticles also showed antibacterial activity against MDR bacteria as well as strains that are not resistant to antibiotics [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium Nanoparticles as Candidates for Antibacterial Substitutes and Supplements against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

et al. 2021

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In recent years, multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have increased rapidly, representing a major threat to human health. This problem has created an urgent need to identify alternatives for the treatment of MDR bacteria. The aim of this study was to identify the antibacterial activity of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and selenium nanowires (SeNWs) against MDR bacteria and assess the potential synergistic effects when combined with a conventional antibiotic (linezolid). SeNPs and SeNWs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, and UV-visible analysis. The antibacterial effects of SeNPs and SeNWs were confirmed by the macro-dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. SeNPs showed MIC values against methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA), and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) at concentrations of 20, 80, 320, and >320 μg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, SeNWs showed a MIC value of >320 μg/mL against all tested bacteria. Therefore, MSSA, MRSA, and VRSA were selected for the bacteria to be tested, and SeNPs were selected as the antimicrobial agent for the following experiments. In the time-kill assay, SeNPs at a concentration of 4X MIC (80 and 320 μg/mL) showed bactericidal effects against MSSA and MRSA, respectively. At a concentration of 2X MIC (40 and 160 μg/mL), SeNPs showed bacteriostatic effects against MSSA and bactericidal effects against MRSA, respectively. In the synergy test, SeNPs showed a synergistic effect with linezolid (LZD) through protein degradation against MSSA and MRSA. In conclusion, these results suggest that SeNPs can be candidates for antibacterial substitutes and supplements against MDR bacteria for topical use, such as dressings. However, for use in clinical situations, additional experiments such as toxicity and synergistic mechanism tests of SeNPs are needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium Nanoparticles as Candidates for Antibacterial Substitutes and Supplements against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

et al. 2021

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“…Furthermore, A. veronii is an important pathogen causing freshwater fish sepsis and ulcer syndrome. An increasing number of cases has demonstrated its significance as an aquatic zoonotic agent 29,30 . Therefore, few studies have investigated the biosynthetic capacity of this group of microorganisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, few studies have investigated the biosynthetic capacity of this group of microorganisms. The presence of secondary metabolites has been recognized in various Aeromonas species, including A. veronii 29 . In a recent study A. veronii (strain A134) inhibited the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa (strain MGK), and novel secondary metabolites were identified, which yielded, among others, three new metabolites: 9-chlorolumichrome (1), veronimide (2), and veronipyrazine (3) 31 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and Characterization of Soil Microbes Producing Antimicrobial Compounds in Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia

Alharbi

Al-harthi

Alsamadani

et al. 2021

Biosci., Biotech. Res. Asia

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This study aimed to investigate a method to manage antimicrobial resistance (AMR) issues by exploring soil microorganisms that are capable of producing bioactive compounds. Eight different types of soil were selected from three locations to screen, isolate, and identify microorganisms that are capable of producing antimicrobial compounds. The multi-drug resistant strains are Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans were selected for primary and secondary screening using the crowded plate method and the agar well diffusion method. Inhibition zones were measured, and data were assessed using statistical tests to check for normality and differences between parametric variables and nonparametric data. This was followed by biochemical characterization, DNA isolation, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Molecular identification was performed using 16S rRNA amplification and sequencing. Here, 86 isolates containing bacteria and fungi were successfully extracted from soil samples. Further, 49 of 86 microbes showed possible antimicrobial activity, but only 12 isolates resulted in distinct inhibition zones with the selected multi-drug resistant strains. The following different taxa were identified: Firmicutes (nine strains), Proteobacteria (one strain), Actinobacteria (one strain), and Azotobacter (one strain). Species are represented in a phylogenetic tree, which was constructed using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) method. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Maximum Composite Likelihood method. The identified microorganisms showed antimicrobial activity, confirming that soil microorganisms have great potential to address AMR issues.

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“…Adapted from Refs. [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ].…”

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Bell Shape Curves of Hemolysis Induced by Silver Nanoparticles: Review and Experimental Assay

et al. 2022

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The hemolytic activity assay is a versatile tool for fast primary toxicity studies. This work presents a systematic study of the hemolytic properties of ArgovitTM silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) extensively studied for biomedical applications. The results revealed an unusual and unexpected bell-shaped hemolysis curve for human healthy and diabetic donor erythrocytes. With the decrease of pH from 7.4 and 6.8 to 5.6, the hemolysis profiles for AgNPs and AgNO3 changed dramatically. For AgNPs, the bell shape changed to a step shape with a subsequent sharp increase, and for AgNO3 it changed to a gradual increase. Explanations of these changes based on the aggregation of AgNPs due to the increase of proton concentration were suggested. Hemolysis of diabetic donor erythrocytes was slightly higher than that of healthy donor erythrocytes. The meta-analysis revealed that for only one AgNPs formulation (out of 48), a bell-shaped hemolysis profile was reported, but not discussed. This scarcity of data was explained by the dominant goal of studies consisting in achieving clinically significant hemolysis of 5–10%. Considering that hemolysis profiles may be bell-shaped, it is recommended to avoid extrapolations and to perform measurements in a wide concentration interval in hemolysis assays.

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Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Cytobacillus firmus Isolated from the Stem Bark of Terminalia arjuna and Their Antimicrobial Activity

Cited by 36 publications

References 23 publications

Selenium Nanoparticles as Candidates for Antibacterial Substitutes and Supplements against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

Selenium Nanoparticles as Candidates for Antibacterial Substitutes and Supplements against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

Screening and Characterization of Soil Microbes Producing Antimicrobial Compounds in Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia

Bell Shape Curves of Hemolysis Induced by Silver Nanoparticles: Review and Experimental Assay

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