Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from vegetable waste of pea Pisum sativum and bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria: Characterization and antibacterial properties

Abstract

A huge amount of food waste is being generated every day globally. Usually, India generates ∼350 million tons of food waste every year. Therefore, there is an urgent need to initiate research focusing on the management and hygienic methods of reuse of food waste together with advanced user-friendly methods of converting it into some useful products thereby generating wealth from food waste. A promising approach seems to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from such unutilized food. An alternative clean technology does not rely on the use of toxic chemicals and solvents. It is commonly allied with traditional nanoparticle synthesis processes. In the present work, the peels of two vegetables, pea (Pisum sativum) and bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), were used to generate AgNPs. AgNPs were obtained by dissolving 1.5 ml of the peel extract of each vegetable in 50 ml of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and incubating for 24 h at room temperature. For the confirmation of AgNP production UV–visible spectroscopy was used. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and attenuated total reflection-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR Analysis) were used to characterize them. Furthermore, AgNPs in different concentrations were used to test antibacterial activity against bacteria Escherichia coli through the disc diffusion method. Thus, our research indicates that AgNPs can be a safe and environmentally beneficial production technology from unutilized vegetable wastes that may play an important role in the management of food waste in the future and has antibacterial potential to preserve vegetables from bacterial contamination.

Apoptotic, cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from nettle leaf

“…Chemical approaches (Bokov et al, 2021; Kartika et al, 2022) are the most popular methods for the production of nanoparticles (Mythili, Selvankumar, Srinivasan, et al, 2018; Naveenraj et al, 2018), however, toxic chemicals (Soundararajan et al, 2022) can be used in these methods (Indhira et al, 2022; Moghadam et al, 2022; Mohammed et al, 2022). The production of silver nanoparticles with green synthesis approach (Ameen, Al‐Homaidan, et al, 2021; Begum et al, 2021; Rajadurai et al, 2021) rather than chemical synthesis method (Hachem et al, 2022) greatly increases its antibacterial effect (Deepa et al, 2022; Vishwanath & Negi, 2021). Nanoparticles have received significant attention (Said et al, 2022; Wang et al, 2020; Wang, Li, et al, 2022) due to their diverse properties (Ghodake et al, 2018; Rahim et al, 2018) and applications (Almansob Bahkali, Albarrag, et al, 2022; Almansob, Bahkali, & Ameen, 2022; Subramaniyan et al, 2022), especially in the field of medicine (Ameen et al, 2019; Ameen, AlYahya, et al, 2020; Valarmathi et al, 2020).…”

Scanning electron microscopic exploration of intricate pollen morphology and antimicrobial potentials of gourd family

“…Concerning antifungal activity, the degree of growth inhibition was notably higher for Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus oryzae, while the inhibition of growth was comparatively lower in the case of Trichoderma harzianum. (Ameen et al, 2022;Nagaraja et al, 2011) showcasing their potential as innovative and effective agents in combating microbial infections.…”

Investigation of cell damage of periodontopathic bacteria exposed to silver, zirconium oxide, and silicon oxide nanoparticles as antibacterial agents

“…It is thought that nanostructures such as carbon nanodots [18], tin oxide [19], nanotruffles [20], bimetallic [21], bismuth [22], arsenic [23],tungsten oxide [24], nickel nanowire [25,26], silver [27,28], metal-organic framework [29,30], zinc oxide [31,32], and dendrons [33] show cytotoxicity [34,35], antioxidant [36], photocatalyst [37], antifungal [38,39], and antibacterial properties [40][41][42]. In particular, the antibacterial properties of silver (Ag) ENPs have proven themselves in various medical fields [43] and especially in various application areas of dentistry such as endodontics, implantology, and prosthetics [44][45][46].…”