Green Synthesis of Polycyclodextrin/Drug Inclusion Complex Nanofibrous Hydrogels: pH-Dependent Release of Acyclovir

Abstract

The development of an approach or a material for wound healing treatments has drawn a lot of attention for decades and has been an important portion of the research in the medical industry. Especially, there is growing interest and demand for the generation of wound care products using eco-friendly conditions. Electrospinning is one of these methods that enables the production of nanofibrous materials with attractive properties for wound healing under mild conditions and by using sustainable sources. In this study, starch-derived cyclodextrin (hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD)) was used both for forming an inclusion complex (IC) with acyclovir, a well-known antiviral drug, and for electrospinning of free-standing nanofibers. The nanofibers were produced in an aqueous system, without using a carrier polymer matrix and toxic solvent/chemical. The ultimate HPβCD/acyclovir-IC nanofibers were thermally cross-linked by using citric acid, listed in the generally regarded as safe (GRAS) category by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The cross-linked HPβCD/acyclovir-IC nanofibers displayed stability in aqueous medium. The hydrogel-forming feature of nanofibers was confirmed with their high swelling profile in water in the range of ∼610–810%. Cellulose acetate (CA)/acyclovir nanofibers were also produced as the control sample. Due to inclusion complexation with HPβCD, the solubility of acyclovir was improved, so cross-linked HPβCD/acyclovir-IC nanofibrous hydrogels displayed a better release performance compared to CA/acyclovir nanofibers. Here, a pH-dependent release profile was obtained (pH 5.4 and pH 7.4) besides their attractive swelling features. Therefore, the cross-linked HPβCD/acyclovir-IC nanofibrous hydrogel can be a promising candidate as a wound healing dressing for the administration of antiviral drugs by holding the unique properties of CD and electrospun nanofibers.

Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Cotton-Based Wound Dressing Coated with Chitosan/Cyclodextrin–Quercetin Inclusion Complex Nanofibers

“…Considering the DSC curves of the nanofibrous samples, a broad peak at 90 °C is presented, corresponding to the dehydration process of CDs . Accordingly, the DSC graph of HP-β-CD/Quercetin (8:1) shows a slight peak at 135 °C, which is attributed to the quercetin structural change.…”

“…The capability of CDs, which are cyclic oligosaccharides with a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic outside, to form noncovalent inclusion complexes is well-known . This interaction improves the biocompounds’ solubility, stability, and bioavailability and presents a viable way to increase biocompounds’ therapeutic effect, as documented in our previous studies. , Moreover, originating from natural sources, CDs are biocompatible . The possibility to directly fabricate nanofibers from cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (CD-ICs) via electrospinning makes them well-suited for coating cotton nonwoven, as investigated in our recent study, thereby enhancing their capability to be used as a wound dressing.…”

Rapid Preparation of Highly Stretchable and Fast Self-Repairing Antibacterial Hydrogels for Promoting Hemostasis and Wound Healing

“…BO contains small molecules such as d -limonene, α-pinene, and carvacrol, which exhibit limited water dispersibility, posing challenges for their incorporation into hydrogels . Leveraging the hydrophilic outer shell and hollow hydrophobic inner cavity of β-CD, these small BO compounds can be efficiently encapsulated within β-CD, allowing for their improved dispersion in water. , This dispersion of BO with an β-CD solution effectively addressed the issue, as illustrated in Figure a. The mixture’s state before and after the addition of the cross-linking agent is shown in Figure b, demonstrating the method’s simplicity and rapidity for hydrogel preparation.…”

Smart Nanofibrous Hydrogel Wound Dressings for Dynamic Infection Diagnosis and Control: Soft but Functionally Rigid

“…The utilization of electrospinning proves to be a highly efficient approach for creating polymeric scaffolds that replicate the traits of the extracellular matrix (ECM). − This technique is distinguished by its simplicity, flexibility, and ability to produce a wide array of scaffolds. − Electrospinning encompasses single-fluid, bifluid, and multifluid techniques, with blended and emulsion methods falling under single-fluid, coaxial, and side-by-side configurations under bifluid methods, while multifluid approaches involve trifluid coaxial and four-fluid coaxial processes. − Owing to its extensive versatility, electrospinning has very high applicability in biomedicine, filtration, catalysis, energy, sensing, and optoelectronics. The growing interest in utilizing nanofiber-based hydrogels for wound management is attributed to their soft and characteristic nanofibrous structure .…”