Green Synthesis of Pd Nanoparticles for Sustainable and Environmentally Benign Processes

Abstract

Among transition metal nanoparticles, palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) are recognized for their high catalytic activity in a wide range of organic transformations that are of academic and industrial importance. The increased interest in environmental issues has led to the development of various green approaches for the preparation of efficient, low-cost and environmentally sustainable Pd-nanocatalysts. Environmentally friendly solvents, non-toxic reducing reagents, biodegradable capping and stabilizing agents and energy-efficient synthetic methods are the main aspects that have been taken into account for the production of Pd nanoparticles in a green approach. This review provides an overview of the fundamental approaches used for the green synthesis of PdNPs and their catalytic application in sustainable processes as cross-coupling reactions and reductions with particular attention afforded to the recovery and reuse of the palladium nanocatalyst, from 2015 to the present.

Solvated electron-induced synthesis of cyclodextrin-coated Pd nanoparticles: mechanistic, catalytic, and anticancer studies

“…In recent times, Pd nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest in healthcare, as discussed earlier in the introduction also. [1][2][3][4][5] A few reports on the application of Pd nanomaterials in anticancer treatment could also be seen in the literature. 91,92 Nonetheless, in the present work, an attempt was carried out to explore the anticancer efficacy of Pd nanomaterials and examine the effect of their morphology on the same.…”

“…Particularly, in the last two decades, researchers have demonstrated tremendous improvement in the properties and efficacies of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) being evaluated for various applications primarily related to the above-mentioned domains. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In addition to these areas, Pd NPs have recently generated considerable interest in healthcare due to their antimicrobial, wound-healing, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. 8,9 Nonetheless, a significant portion of these findings can be attributed to the development of novel methodologies for the synthesis of Pd NPs, which enable precise control over their characteristics, such as size, shape, surface properties, etc.…”

“…1,2,5,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Physical approaches used to synthesize Pd and Pd-based nanomaterials include techniques such as sputtering, 1,18,19 ion or electron beam deposition, 1,18,20 and laser ablation, 1,21 while, chemical approaches employed by various researchers (for Pd nanomaterial synthesis) include mainly hydrothermal, 1,18,22 sonochemical, 1,18,23 electrochemical, 1,18,24 reverse micelle, 1,18 and other conventional wet chemical routes. 1,2,[4][5][6]18 Biogenic synthesis of nanomaterials including Pd has attracted the attention of many researchers owing to its eco-friendliness. Various plant species (such as Anogeissus latifolia, Cinnamom zeylanicum, Cinnamomum camphora, Curcuma longa, Pinus resinosa, Pulicariaglutinosa, etc.)…”

“…1,2,5,10–18 Physical approaches used to synthesize Pd and Pd-based nanomaterials include techniques such as sputtering, 1,18,19 ion or electron beam deposition, 1,18,20 and laser ablation, 1,21 while, chemical approaches employed by various researchers (for Pd nanomaterial synthesis) include mainly hydrothermal, 1,18,22 sonochemical, 1,18,23 electrochemical, 1,18,24 reverse micelle, 1,18 and other conventional wet chemical routes. 1,2,4–6,18 Biogenic synthesis of nanomaterials including Pd has attracted the attention of many researchers owing to its eco-friendliness. Various plant species (such as Anogeissus latifolia , Cinnamom zeylanicum , Cinnamomum camphora , Curcuma longa , Pinus resinosa , Pulicariaglutinosa , etc .)…”

Recent Developments in Metallic Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy, Diagnosing and Imaging Applications

“…Recent studies revealed that bio-synthesized palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) present antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and photothermal activities while being biocompatible and less toxic than their chemically-synthesized counterparts [118]. Thus, they hold great promise in developing novel and improved cancer therapies, being already evaluated against several cancer cell lines (e.g., lung cancer [48], breast cancer [119], ovarian cancer [120], cervical cancer [121], and colorectal adenocarcinoma [121]).…”