Green synthesis of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles for the degradation of Methylene Blue, sulfisoxazole and bacterial strains

Biosynthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles for the degradation of methylene blue dye, sulfisoxazole antibiotic and removal of bacteria from real water

“…Other groups from the plant extract that have been integrated onto the Fe 3 O 4 NPs as shown by dotted lines in Figure 2 are C–O–C, C–N (bent) and C=O (amide) at 1100, 1300 and 1600 cm −1 , respectively. The peak in the fingerprint region at 750 cm −1 due to Fe–O confirmed the formation of Fe 3 O 4 NPs [ 15 , 23 ]. Senhil et al (2022) synthesized Fe 3 O 4 NPs at room temperature using Tridax procumbens plant extract and reported that the carbohydrates from the plant extract acted as the reducing agents [ 20 ].…”

“…The study done by Makofane et al. [ 15 ], showed that electrons were the main contributors to the degradation process. This could have been because their material was a metal iron-based material for the removal of dye.…”

“…The photocatalytic degradation of Methylene blue (MB) dye using Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles was studied using a 150 W UV lamp following a method reported previously by several authors [ 15 , 18 ]. Briefly, the effect of pH was investigated whereby pH 3, pH 7 and pH 12 were the conditions of choice.…”

“…At optimum conditions, a maximum degradation of 86% was achieved for malachite green dye. Ngoepe et al also synthesized green TiO 2 using Monsonia Burkeana , a 85% degradation of MB was achieved [ 15 ]. From these studies, it can be noted that the traditional green derived semiconductors are also highly effective even though they still suffer from known limitations such fast recombination rate, broad bandgap, reusability etc.…”

“…Moreover, green synthesis is not time-consuming, does not require several steps and the plants are mostly readily available. The plant extracts have been shown to consists of phytochemicals such as terpenoids, tannis, polyphenols which are rich in hydroxyl and carboxylic groups which normally act as reducing agents for the synthesis of nanoparticles [ 15 , 18 , 19 ]. Several studies have shown that biomedical synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles have been effectively used in the degradation of pollutants.…”