Green Synthesis of Nano-Zero-Valent Iron Using Ricinus Communis Seeds Extract: Characterization and Application in the Treatment of Methylene Blue-Polluted Water

Abstract

In this study, the removal of methylene blue dye (MB) from aqueous solution was examined using a novel green adsorbent to overcome the obstacles encountered in chemical methods. Ricinus communis (RC) aqueous seeds extract was herein used as a reducing and capping agent to synthesize a novel nano-zero-valent iron (RC-nZVI) for the adsorption of harmful MB. Structural and morphological characterization of the synthesized RC-nZVI were performed using several techniques, e.g., steady-state absorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and zeta potential. The maximum efficiency of the removal was 96.8% at pH 6 and 25 °C. According to the kinetics study results, the adsorption process obeys the pseudo-first-order model. The experimental equilibrium data were fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model, the maximum adsorption capacity reached was 61.37 mg·g–1, and the equilibrium parameters were determined. The synthesized RC-nZVI possesses good reusability and can be considered as a potential economic and environmentally friendly adsorbent.

Recent developments in alginate-based adsorbents for removing phosphate ions from wastewater: a review

“…1b. Diversied treatment techniques have been sustainably evolved for the efficacious removal of phosphate from wastewater, such as catalytic reduction, 23 chemical precipitation, 24 electrocoagulation, 24,25 electrodialysis, 26 membranes, 27 and ion exchange. 28 In addition, the adsorption technique is the most popular mode of remediation due to its design versatility, 29 lack of treatment by-products, ease of service, 30 high efficacy, 31 reusability, 32 low cost, ease of operation, and insensitivity to biological materials in aqueous environments.…”

“…28 In addition, the adsorption technique is the most popular mode of remediation due to its design versatility, 29 lack of treatment by-products, ease of service, 30 high efficacy, 31 reusability, 32 low cost, ease of operation, and insensitivity to biological materials in aqueous environments. [33][34][35][36][37][38] Numerous materials have been applied as adsorbents for the removal of phosphate, including clays, biochar, red mud, metal oxides, layered double hydroxides, cross-linked hydrophilic biopolymers, activated carbon residue, mesoporous silica spheres, lanthanum-based materials, metal-organic frameworks and nanomaterials. [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] Among these adsorbents, natural biopolymers are polymeric organic molecules derived from renewable sources such as algae, the exoskeletons of crustaceans and shells, 51 plants, microbial biomass, and animals, as depicted in Fig.…”

Statistical Optimization and Modeling Approach for Fenton‐like Discoloration of Methyl Orange using Green Zero‐valent Iron Nanoparticle Catalysts

“…[6,7] Polyphenols found in biomaterials inhibit the aggregation of NZVI-NPs. [6,[14][15][16] The prepared NZVI-NPs showed varying removal capacities of pollutants based on the source of the biomaterials. [1,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] This confirmed that environmentally friendly preparation of NZVI-NPs and their remediation power is attaining reputation in the fields of biotechnology and require further investigation using other sources of biomaterials.…”

“…Recently, use of green and sustainable stabilizing, reducing agents have drawn attention because of their low toxicity, ease of operation, and reproducible qualities as a means of developing zerovalent copper, iron, palladium etc. nanoparticles [4–16] . Indeed, plant‐based materials are contained several bio‐reactive compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, carbohydrates and polyphenols that could facilitate the metal or metal oxide synthesis reactions.…”

Fabrication of easy separable and reusable MIL-125(Ti)/MIL-53(Fe) binary MOF/CNT/Alginate composite microbeads for tetracycline removal from water bodies

“…However, humans could not completely metabolize TCs and around 50–80% of the applied dosage is secreted via urine 7 . Thence, numerous developing techniques have been used for TCs removal from wastewater including; adsorption 8 , 9 , ultrasonic irradiation 10 , photocatalytic degradation 11 – 13 , membrane process 14 , and fenton oxidation 15 . Among the mentioned techniques; adsorption has been considered as the most favorable technique for the removal of TCs from wastewater owing to it is simple, economic, low-energy consumption, etc.…”