“Green” Synthesis of Metal‐Organic Frameworks

Abstract

Research in the field of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been for a long time devoted to the synthesis of new compounds and the understanding of their outstanding properties. Just in the recent four or five years there has been an emerging interest in up-scaling of synthesis procedures and the adjustment of synthesis conditions towards industrial requirements. This probably originates from the fact that, while some MOFs are already commercially available, there is still no field of application in real life which MOFs are able to fit in.[a]

When defects turn into virtues: The curious case of zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks

“…The success of Zr-MOFs is also due to the ease and versatility of their synthesis [37]. This is demonstrated by the large number of new procedures that have been developed since the first solvothermal synthesis in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) [1]: water- [38][39][40][41], acetone- [42] and cyrene-based [43] synthesis, microwave-assisted synthesis [44][45][46][47], mechanochemical synthesis [48,49], chemical vapor deposition [50], spray-drying [51], continuous flow synthesis [38,[52][53][54][55][56]. The use of monocarboxylic acids (Chart 2) or inorganic acids (HCl, HF) as modulators during synthesis is a powerful tool that allows to obtain crystals with sizes ranging from the micrometer to the low nanometer range [57][58][59][60][61][62][63].…”

Green Synthesis of a New Al‐MOF Based on the Aliphatic Linker Mesaconic Acid: Structure, Properties and In Situ Crystallisation Studies of Al‐MIL‐68‐Mes

“…An analogue of MOF‐5 incorporating mesaconic acid was also reported . Despite this scarce use in MOF chemistry, mesaconic acid can be considered a promising organic building block for the green synthesis of MOFs, especially since a biosynthetic pathway for its production from glutamate in water was already described …”

Metal–organic frameworks in Germany: From synthesis to function

“…Green synthesis conditions comprise mild heating up to reflux only, and rely on employing mostly or only water as solvent and have been recently described by H. Reinsch in more detail elsewhere [163]. Already in 2006, researchers at BASF filed a patent in which the synthesis of the MOF aluminium fumarate was described using DMF as solvent [164].…”