Green Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm and Antifungal Applications

Abstract

Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) have emerged as potential materials for various biomedical applications due to their unique physicochemical properties, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, cationic capacity, high stability and redox properties. MgO NPs have become an attractive platform to combat microbes and may be a promising alternative to overcome challenges associated with eliminating microbial biofilms and antibiotic resistance. Hence, due to the increasing use of MgO NPs in biomedicine, new synthetic strategies for MgO NPs are necessary. MgO NPs synthesised using green methods are non-toxic, eco-friendly and have high stability for a wide range of biological, medical and catalytic applications. This review presents the recent advances in biosynthesis strategies of MgO NPs by diverse bio-templates, such as plant, bacterial, fungal and algal extracts. Its photocatalytic properties show a suitable inhibitory function against pathogenic agents, such as microbial proliferation, biofilm formation and fungal growth. Furthermore, MgO NPs and relevant nanocomposites are comprehensively discussed regarding the mechanisms of their effect on microbes, biofilms and fungal strains, as well as challenges and future perspectives.

Impacts of Biosynthesized Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles on Antioxidant Capacity, Hematological Parameters, and Antioxidant Protein Docking in Broilers

“…Nanotrace elements and their biosynthesis have gained widespread attention recently due to the advent of nanotechnology. − Nanotrace elements have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in poultry diets. Studies have indicated that nanoparticles of critical minerals including calcium, zinc, copper, selenium, and chromium have been examined for their potential advantages in growth performance, feed consumption, and the health condition of animals .…”

Bioheterojunction‐Engineered System: A New Mechanism of BP/MoS2 Photothermal‐Photocatalytic Dual‐Power Synergistic Sterilization under NIR

“…And the emergence of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) superbugs makes conventional antibiotics ineffective, further exacerbating this threat [2] . Nowadays, many studies began to construct artificial enzymes, [3] peptide sequences [4] and nanomaterials [5] to eliminate bacteria. Nanomaterials may induce antimicrobial effects against bacteria by several modes‐of‐action, including physical direct interaction of extremely sharp edges of nanomaterials with cell wall membrane; [6] ROS generation [7] even in dark; [8] trapping the cells within the aggregated nanomaterials; oxidative stress; [9] interruption in the glycolysis process of the cells; [10] DNA damaging; [11] metal ion release; [12] contribution in generation/explosion of nanobubbles [13,14] .…”

Unraveling Tamarindus indica Pulp-Derived Green Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles for Cardioprotective Potential against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy: A Comprehensive Biochemical and Gene Expression Study

“…The utilization of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) is increasingly recognized in many industrial and commercial applications owing to its unique physicochemical characteristics, including minimal toxicity, cationic capability, resisting corrosion, dielectric behavior, optical clarity, superior stability, and redox potential. 6 Recently, MgO NPs have attracted significant attention in medical applications due to their remarkable biocompatibility and bioresorbable nature. 6 The presence of magnesium ions, which are an essential component of human biology, further enhances their appeal.…”

“…By using environmentally acceptable, nontoxic, and economically advantageous one-step production techniques, the biomolecules and phytochemicals that occur in plant extracts induce the reduction of metal ions into nanosized particles. The utilization of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) is increasingly recognized in many industrial and commercial applications owing to its unique physicochemical characteristics, including minimal toxicity, cationic capability, resisting corrosion, dielectric behavior, optical clarity, superior stability, and redox potential . Recently, MgO NPs have attracted significant attention in medical applications due to their remarkable biocompatibility and bioresorbable nature .…”

“…6 Recently, MgO NPs have attracted significant attention in medical applications due to their remarkable biocompatibility and bioresorbable nature. 6 The presence of magnesium ions, which are an essential component of human biology, further enhances their appeal. Additionally, the US Food and Drug Administration has recognized these nanoparticles as safe substances.…”