Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract ofGarcinia mangostanaFruit Peels

Abstract

The synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) is performed by the reduction of aqueous gold metal ions in contact with the aqueous peel extract of plant, Garcinia mangostana (G. mangostana). An absorption peak of the gold nanoparticles is observed at the range of 540-550 nm using UV-visible spectroscopy. All the diffraction peaks at 2 = 38.48 ∘ , 44.85 ∘ , 66.05 ∘ , and 78.00 ∘ that index to (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes confirm the successful synthesis of Au-NPs. Mostly spherical shape particles with size range of 32.96 ± 5.25 nm are measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From the FTIR results, the peaks obtained are closely related to phenols, flavonoids, benzophenones, and anthocyanins which suggest that they may act as the reducing agent. This method is environmentally safe without the usage of synthetic materials which is highly potential in biomedical applications.

Green Synthesis of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Stabilized by a Garcinia mangostana Fruit Peel Extract for Hyperthermia and Anticancer Activities

“…The extract of G. mangostana fruit peel was obtained using a modified method from our group. 6 , 26 Briefly, the fruit peels were washed several times to remove dust, followed by drying at an ambient condition. A total of 10 g of the fruit peel was ground and mixed with 100 mL double deionized water at 80°C, using an oil bath under a constant stirring at 250 rpm for 1 h. The crude extract solution (10 m/V) was filtered with filter paper (Fioroni 601) and oven-dried at 45°C for 24 h. The dried extract powder was termed as S5 and stored at 4°C for further processing.…”

“… 24 Xanthones have been used to treat different types of cancer cells. 25 Despite that there have been some studies on G. mangostana fruit peels in synthesis of Au NPs 26 and Ag NPs, 27 there have been no precise studies on the ability of G. mangostana to synthesize Fe 3 O 4 NPs.…”

Valorization of mangosteen, “The Queen of Fruits,” and new advances in postharvest and in food and engineering applications: A review

“…Another advanced material using mangosteen in the biomedical industry is metallic nanoparticles. For instance, gold nanoparticle (AuNP) has been promoted as a drug and antibody delivery system due to its multiple surface functionality [112]. Natural products, such as mangosteen peel, have been used as reducing agents to generate AuNP using a greener approach [112], [113].…”

“…For instance, gold nanoparticle (AuNP) has been promoted as a drug and antibody delivery system due to its multiple surface functionality [112]. Natural products, such as mangosteen peel, have been used as reducing agents to generate AuNP using a greener approach [112], [113]. Moreover, the biofabrication of mangosteen bark extract with silver nanoparticle (AgNP), in combination with ultrasonic exposure, has enabled targeted cancer treatment [114], [115].…”

“Green” Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Thermally Stable Gold Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Carbon Nanosheets

“…Biogenic approaches for synthesizing gold nanostructures with unique chemophysical and biological properties have received considerable attention in the last decade [1]. "Green" synthesis methods typically entail adopting environmentally friendly protocols based on natural or biological agents such as nature gums [2], fruit extracts [3][4][5][6][7][8], plant tissues (including leaf, fruit, peel, flower, and root) [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] for synthesis. For example, in one-pot single-step synthesis methods, biological extracts are mixed with an auric salt (HAuCl 4 ) solution at either room or elevated temperature and conversion occurs within a few minutes in the absence of external additives used as reducing, stabilizing, or capping agents.…”