Green synthesis of ferrocenyl‐modified MnO₂/carbon‐based nanocomposite as an outstanding supercapacitor electrode material

Abstract

A nanocomposite of carbonaceous aerogel (CA) supported by modified MnO 2 nanoparticles with ferrocene (Fc) moiety (MnO 2 -Fc/CA) was prepared by a simple and environmentally friendly approach in two steps. In the first step, a porous carbon-based material was synthesized using watermelon as a starting material. Then, 5-ferrocenylpentanoic acid was covalently grafted onto the α-MnO 2 surface through hydrothermal route, and finally, MnO 2 -Fc/CA was obtained by simply physically mixing MnO 2 -Fc and CA in acetone. After thorough characterization of as-prepared nanomaterial via appropriate analyses, the MnO 2 -Fc/CA nanocomposite reveals excellent electrochemical performances (C s value: 963 F g À1 at 1 A g À1 ) and outstanding cycling stability ($96% after 3000 CV cycles). Moreover, the constructed symmetric cell reveals a high-energy density of 38.1 Wh kg À1 and a high-power density of 4556 W kg À1 . The final high-performance nanocomposite is a very favorable candidate for energy storage applications.

Biogenic Synthesis of High-Performance α-MoO3 Nanoparticles from Tryptophan Derivatives for Antimicrobial Agents and Electrode Materials of Supercapacitors

“…Numerous plants include a variety of biologically active substances that function as reducing agents for metal salts, including alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, citric acid, polyphenols, terpenes, and reductase. These biogenic molecules are effectively involved in the synthesis process; therefore, this process is generally applicable to the synthesis of several metal oxide NPs [47,48]. Ravikanth et al [49] extracted L. cristata leaf extract that contains mainly tryptophan derivative alkaloids; these alkaloids were actively involved in the synthesis of NPs.…”

Preparation of MnO2-Carbon Materials and Their Applications in Photocatalytic Water Treatment

“…In addition to 2D composites, nano-sized MnO 2 can be uniformly incorporated into the porous structure of 3D carbon materials via the hydrothermal method, thus improving the photocatalytic activity of hybrid catalysts [ 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 ]. Nui et al [ 98 ] synthesized Graphene/nano α-MnO 2 hybrid aerogel in an isopropanol-water system via hydrothermal-thermal reduction.…”

Carbonaceous electrode materials for supercapacitor: Preparation and surface functionalization

“…Various natural resources, such as biomass materials, crude oil, nature gas and coal, artificial polymer such as polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), can be used as precursors for carbonaceous materials. There are various methodologies for converting carbonic precursors into carbonaceous materials, such as physical or chemical vapour deposition, pyrolytic heating as well as organic redox methodologies (Chmiola et al, 2010;Pekala, 1989;Conway et al, 1997;Maldonado-Hódar et al, 2000;Haddon, 2002;Lachawiec et al, 2005;Ji et al, 2009;Qin et al, 2009;Li et al, 2011;Lv et al, 2012;Liang, 2015;Morteza et al, 2015;Mousavi-Khoshdel and Targholi, 2015;Mousavi-Khoshdel et al, 2016;Ping et al, 2016;Wang and Pumera, 2016;Liu et al, 2017;Song et al, 2018;Silva et al, 2020;Kolosov and Glukhova, 2021a;Boulanger et al, 2021;Cao et al, 2021;Chen et al, 2021;Christians et al, 2021;Hoa et al, 2021;Nizam et al, 2021;Olabi et al, 2021;Ramirez et al, 2021;Zhai et al, 2021;Zhou et al, 2021;Yang et al, 2022b;Mei, 2022;Rashidi et al, 2022;Teimuri-Mofrad et al, 2022;Kolosov and Glukhova, 2021b;Song et al, 2021c;Vermisoglou et al, 2021;Tong et al, 2021;…”

“…On the other hand, doping of heteroatoms (e.g., O, N, F, S, B, P and metallic atoms into carbon skeleton will often adjust carbonaceous materials' wettability, electroconductibility and capacitance. As shown in Supplementary Figures S7, S8, those surface functionalization can be either derived from heteroatoms containing precursors or achieved through post-treatment/ activation process (Teimuri-Mofrad et al, 2022;Lachawiec et al, 2005;Maldonado-Hódar et al, 2000;Ji et al, 2009;Ramirez et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2017;Qin et al, 2009;Mei, 2022;Ping et al, 2016;Zhai et al, 2021;Hoa et al, 2021;Chen et al, 2021;Cao et al, 2021;Zhou et al, 2021;Wang and Pumera, 2016;Mousavi-Khoshdel et al, 2016;Mousavi-Khoshdel and Targholi, 2015;Silva et al, 2020;Song et al, 2018;Morteza et al, 2015;Kolosov and Glukhova, 2021a;Kolosov and Glukhova, 2021b;Song et al, 2021c;Vermisoglou et al, 2021;Tong et al, 2021;Chakrabarty et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2022;Paul1 and Roy, 2021;Basivi et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2019;Zhai et al, 2011;Rashidi and Yusup, 2020;Yang and Zhou, 2017;Arango et al, 2018;Umezawa et al, 2021;Mandal et al, 2021;…”

“…Modification of aerogels is a major trend for carbon aerogels. At present, the modification methods of aerogels mainly include surface modification, doping and composite (Lachawiec et al, 2005;Teimuri-Mofrad et al, 2022). Maldonado-Hódar et al (2000) discovered that the Co, Ni, doped carbon aerogel system undergoes homomorphic structural reorganization, from the original nano-continuous network structure to the nano-graphite structure.…”