“…The diffraction peaks appeared at 2 θ values of 21.7°, 28.7°, 33.0°, 35.5°, 43.2°, 49.2°, 54.0°, 55.3°, 57.4°, 63.8°, 71.7°, and 75.4° can be correlated to the planes (211), (222), (400), (411), (431), (440), (541), (622), (631), (444), (622), (811), and (662) of the cubic Gd 2 O 3 with space group of Ia3 (JCPDS # 12-0797 and 88-2165) [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. While diffraction peaks appeared at 2 θ value 33.9°, 62.3°, and 65.6° can be assigned to (111)), (113), and (022) planes of cubic CuO, respectively [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. These XRD peaks can be assigned to the standard Cu doped Gd 2 O 3 cubic crystal phase.…”