Green synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles using Acorus calamus extract and their antibiofilm activity against bacterial pathogens

Abstract

The emergence of multidrug resistance in bacterial pathogens has increased drastically and it has become prevalent in clinical infections. In last few decades, there is a large gap in the discovery of new antibiotics with novel mode of action. The situation of antimicrobial resistance has become so alarming that if not action is taken, infectious diseases will become major cause of global mortality and morbidity by 2050.The growing interest of researchers in nanotechnology and their possible application in healthcare is being seen as a new hope in discovery of novel antimicrobial agents. Among various approaches employed for the nanoparticle synthesis, biological methods are considered more advantageous and environment friendly. Biofilms are considered as novel target for the development of new antimicrobial entities. In this study, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO 2 -NPs) were synthesized using Acorus calamus aqueous extract and tested for the antibiofilm activity both against Gram +ve and Gram −ve bacteria. The average size of synthesized CeO 2 -NPs was found to be 22.03 nm. The biofilms of the test bacteria were inhibited by more than 75% by the treatment with CeO 2 -NPs. The quantitative biofilm data were further verified by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy. The confocal and electron microscopic analysis confirmed that treatment with CeO2-NPs reduced the development and colonization of the bacteria on solid support. Moreover, it was found that the colonization and biofilm development by test bacteria were fairly reduced on the glass surface. Moreover, a dose-dependent inhibition of preformed biofilms was also found. The exopolysaccharides (EPS) production by the test bacteria were substantially reduced by the supplementation of CeO 2 -NPs in culture media.The findings of this study highlight the efficacy of cerium oxide nanoparticles against bacterial pathogens that may be exploited for the development of new alternative antimicrobial agent.

Phyto-fabricated Nanoparticles and Their Anti-biofilm Activity: Progress and Current Status

“…Moreover, dosedependent inhibition of preformed biofilms was also observed. There was a significant reduction in the exopolysaccharides (EPS) formation by test bacteria grown in CeO 2 -NPs supplemented culture media (Altaf et al, 2021).…”

Green Synthesis of Metal Oxides Semiconductors for Gas Sensing Applications

“…For example, CeO 2 NPs were produced with an average particle size of 22 nm using an aqueous extract of Acorus calamus and cerium nitrate in ref. [186].…”

Sustainable green approach to synthesize Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite using waste pulp of Syzygium cumini and its application in functional stability of microbial cellulases

“…A number of plant species have been recently studied to synthesize variety of nanomaterials. For example, Acorus calamus extract to synthesize cerium oxide NPs 14 , Delonix elata leaf extract to synthesize tin oxide NPs, 15 , Deverra tortuosa extract to synthesize zinc oxide NPs 16 , root extract of Kniphofia foliosa to synthesize titanium oxide NPs 17 , extracts of Impatiens balsamina and Lantana camara to synthesize silver NPs 18 , Mimosa tenuiflora extract to synthesize gold NPs 19 , Carica papaya leaf extract to synthesize iron oxide NPs 20 , Syzygium aromaticum extract to synthesize nickel ferrite NPs 21 , Amaranthus blitum leaves extract to synthesize silver ferrite NPs 22 and Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract to synthesize reduced graphene oxide 23 have been reported. Further, among different types of nanomaterials iron based nanostructures have shown their tremendous potential to elevate the enzyme stability which can be further exploited to improve the biofuels production when employed as catalyst 24 – 26 .…”