Green synthesis of catalytic Zinc Oxide nano‐flowers and their bacterial infection therapy

Abstract

Herein, Zinc Oxide nanoflowers (ZnONFs) with low cost, non‐hazardous and renewable phytochemicals from plant (Thlaspi arvense) extract were synthesized via facile method under controlled optimized experimental conditions. The as‐fabricated Zinc Oxide nanoflowers were comprehensively characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, and Energy dispersive spectroscopy techniques. The bio‐fabricated Zinc Oxide nanoflowers performed an admirable potential activity against Gram‐negative bacterium (Escherichia coli) and significantly inhibited its growth, due to an intracellular generation of reactive‐oxygen‐species. The photocatalytic performances of as bio‐synthesized Zinc Oxide nanoflowers were also tested by reducing 4‐nitrophenol and methylene blue. The superior photocatalytic activities of Zinc Oxide nanoflowers are attributed to the high surface area, efficient photogenerated electron and hole separation owing to the capped plant moieties. The as‐synthesized Zinc Oxide nanoflowers by green method exhibited a significant antibacterial activity and efficient photocatalytic performances. This synthetic strategy will open a new window for the fabrication of nanomaterial with effective removal of wastewater contaminants and pathogens.

A review of the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using plant extracts and their prospects for application in antibacterial textiles

“…Sharmila et al 54 found that ZnO NPs prepared from Tecoma castanifolia leaf extract displayed antibacterial properties, and found that their effect was on the surface of bacterial cells, leading to the release of ion channels, resulting in an ionic imbalance within the cells that eventually resulted in their death. Ullah et al 55 demonstrated that the antibacterial properties of ZnO NPs prepared from Thlaspi arvense extract was due to the positive charge of the NPs forming an electrostatic connection with the lipopolysaccharide and phosphoteichoic acid (both negatively charged) components in Gram-positive bacteria, resulting in cell membrane damage, cytoplasmic leakage, and eventually cell death.…”

Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Obtained from Chemical versus Saponaria officinalis Extract-Mediated Synthesis

“…Depending on the Zn precursor, plants used for extracts and reaction conditions (usually time and temperature), one can obtain ZnO nanoparticles of various sizes and morphologies. ZnO nanoparticles with flower-like morphologies were obtained using Kalopanax septemlobus , Astragalus membranaceus , Thlaspi arvense , Ruta chalepensis , sea buckthorn fruit extract as reducing/capping agents and zinc acetate or zinc nitrate as salt precursors, in a one-pot synthesis conducted at temperatures varying from room temperature to 70 °C [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Other morphologies were obtained when using different combinations of plant extract and Zn salts, such as nanosheets using green tea leaves extract and Zn acetate [ 39 ], hexagonal nanoparticles using Rhamnus Virgata extract and zinc nitrate.…”

Application of ZnO Nanoparticles Phycosynthesized with Ulva fasciata Extract for Preserving Peeled Shrimp Quality

“…Another factor mentioned by researchers was the high photocatalytic efficiency which significantly activates interactions of ZnONPs with bacteria. Additionally, morphology can positively affect antimicrobial potential, as flower-shaped can possess higher microbicidal actions toward E. coli and S. aureus , than the rod- and spherical-shaped ZnONPs [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 44 ]. Moreover, the antibacterial efficiency depends on the Ps of ZnONPs.…”

“…Thus, conjoining of many leaf-like forms will eventually lead to ZnO nanoflower structure formation [34]. The algal compounds can perform imperative roles in stabilizing these nanostructures [35,36].…”

“…Additionally, morphology can positively affect antimicrobial potential, as flower-shaped can possess higher microbicidal actions toward E. coli and S. aureus, than the rod-and spherical-shaped ZnONPs [34][35][36]44]. Moreover, the antibacterial efficiency depends on the Ps of ZnONPs.…”