Green Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles from Aqueous Extracts of Leaves and Fruit of Casuarina equisetifolia against Candida albicans and other Clinical Isolates

Abstract

The prevalence of the infectious diseases caused by Candida species and other human pathogenic microbes has led to the discovery of some natural agents against multidrug resistant microbes. Therefore, this research was designated to determine the capability of synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) from aqueous extract of leaves and fruits of Casuarina equisetifolia as anticandidal and antibacterial against some microbes. Silver NPs (AgNPs) were successfully gained from aqueous leaves and fruit extracts of C. equisetifolia which is defined on the basis of UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscope. The results showed that leaves and fruits extracts of C. equisetifolia acts as an excellent capping agent. XRD based on the FWHM analysis showed that AgCl and Ag had an average NPs size of 90.97 nm and 71.28 nm, respectively for fruits and 15.33 nm and 14.01 nm, respectively for leaves. UV–visible spectroscopy showed a maximum absorbance at 442 nm for fruits and 433 nm for leaves. SEM showed that the size of NPs from leaves lied in between of (30 to180 nm) and for fruits (70 to 250 nm). Candida albicans was severely affected by NPs of leaves with inhibition zone (3.03± 1.61 cm) and NPs of fruits had (1.37± 0.15 cm) inhibition zone. Nanoparticles from leaves exhibited maximum activity against P. mirabilis (3.52± 0.13 cm) and low activities against M. luteus (1.50±0.18 cm) inhibition zones. In conclusion, these eco-friendly synthesized AgNPs from leaves and fruits of C. equisetifolia could be used as competitive alternative natural drugs than conventional synthetic chemicals. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

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“…To guarantee that the nanoparticles are formed and to evaluate their characteristics, it is fundamental to carry out characterization analyses. The following characterization analyses are widely used: surface plasmon resonance (SPR), to confirm the nanoparticle formation; UV–Vis Spectrophotometer, for monitoring metal ions reduction; FT‐IR, for functional group analysis; scanning electron microscope (SEM) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscope (HR‐TEM) analyses, for determination of size and shape; X‐ray diffractometer analyses, to evaluate its purity and crystalline structure; and thermogravimetric analysis, to monitor weight loss percentage and thermal stability (Botteon et al, 2021; Manjare et al, 2020; Moustafa, 2021; Qayyum et al, 2020; Shanmugapriya et al, 2021; Ulaeto et al, 2020).…”

“…and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) analyses, for determination of size and shape; X-ray diffractometer analyses, to evaluate its purity and crystalline structure; and thermogravimetric analysis, to monitor weight loss percentage and thermal stability (Botteon et al, 2021;Manjare et al, 2020;Moustafa, 2021;Qayyum et al, 2020;Shanmugapriya et al, 2021;Ulaeto et al, 2020).…”

“…It is also noteworthy that AgNP synthesized with leaf extract showed an inhibition zone superior to the positive control, cefoxitin 30 mcg (a little less than 1 cm larger). Thus, Casuarina equisetifolia leaf extract can be considered an excellent natural alternative for AgNP synthesis (Moustafa, 2021).…”