Green synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 5-acetoxymethylfurfural using a deep eutectic solvent in a biphasic system assisted by microwaves

Abstract

The fructose was subjected to a dehydration reaction to produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of choline chloride ([Ch]Cl) as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), fructose as...

Synthesis of furfural from xylose using a choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvent and mechanistic insights

“…[Ch]Cl was chosen as one of the components of DES was because it has already proved to be effective in other works for converting carbohydrates into furans, in addition to being low cost, biodegradable and non-toxic. 30,31 In addition, it was used for the synthesis of furfural with xylose as a substrate and hydrogen bond acceptor and p -toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) as a hydrogen bond donor.…”