Green synthesis of 3D SnO<sub>2</sub>/graphene aerogels and their application in lithium-ion batteries

Gong, Chen; Zhang, Yongquan; Yao, Mingguang; Wei, Yingjin; Li, Quanjun; Liu, Bo; Liu, Ran; Yao, Zhen; Cui, Tian; Zou, Bo; Liu, Bingbing

doi:10.1039/c5ra05711f

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The reversible capacity of the nano-SnO 2 electrode is 850 mA h g À1 , much higher than the theoretical capacity of SnO 2 , 9,22,23 which might be attributed to the partially reversible reaction of Li 2 O and Sn to SnO 2 . 28,29 Fig. 6b displayed the cyclic voltammogram (CV) proles of the nano-SnO 2 electrode in a potential window of 0.01-1.5 V (vs. Li + /Li) at a scanning rate of 0.05 mV s À1 for the rst 8 cycles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scalable formation of nano-SnO₂ anode derived from tin metal–organic frameworks for lithium-ion battery

2015

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In this work, for the first time, we synthesize a SnO 2 nanomaterial through the calcination of tin metal-organic framework (MOF) precursors. X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area are used to characterize the phases and to observe surface morphologies. This anode material exhibits good electrochemical performance in LIBs with high reversible capacity and cycling stability. The good electrochemical properties could be ascribed to the short transport/diffusion path of electrons and lithium ions and the high contact area between the electrode and electrolyte that results from the nanostructured SnO 2 . This is low-cost, 3 templates to synthesize nanoparticles and high specific surface area materials. There have also been many reports of the synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles by direct calcination of MOFs, which exhibit excellent electrochemical performance. [19][20][21] 23 Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no report on synthesis of SnO 2 nanoparticles with homogeneous morphology using MOFs as template. Herein we report a simple, scalable and low-cost synthesis of SnO 2 nanoparticles via the conversion of the Sn-MOF. When evaluated as an anode material for LIB, the as-prepared SnO 2 nanoparticles exhibit good electrochemical performance of a high reversible capacity and excellent stability of up to 100 charge/discharge cycles. Experimental details2.1 Reagents and Chemicals. Tin (II) sulfate (SnSO 4 ) and p-Phthalic acid (C 8 H 6 O 4 ) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH, AR) was purchased from Aladdin Chemistry Co. Ltd. All chemicals were used as received without further purification. Synthesis of Sn-MOF.In a typical procedure, 0.012 mol C 8 H 6 O 4 and 0.024 mol NaOH were dissolved in a 300 ml deionized water under stirring. After that, 60 mL of a 0.25 M SnSO 4 aqueous solution was simultaneously added dropwise into the above solution under constant stirring. The mixture was stirred for 5 h at room temperature until MOF precipitation was formed. The product was collected and washed with ethanol and deionized water for several times. At last, the white powder of Sn-MOF was dried in vacuum at 50 ℃. SnO 2 nanoparticles synthesis.The Sn-MOF was thermally treated at 400 ℃ for 2 h under air atmosphere with a ramping rate of 5 ℃ min -1 and then naturally cooled down to room temperature. Finally, the product was taken out and it was found that the color of the material changed from white to gray. 7 formation of a SEI film, which disappeared under the subsequent cycles, 30 and finally the alloying reaction between Sn and Li + , respectively. In the case of the first anodic process, two broader anodic peaks at 0.48 and 0.60 V corresponded to the extraction of lithium ion from Li-Sn alloys. Note that another oxidation peak at 1.25 V was also observed, which was most likely due to the partially reversible reaction of SnO 2 to Sn and Li 2 O. 31 C...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scalable formation of nano-SnO₂ anode derived from tin metal–organic frameworks for lithium-ion battery

2015

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“…Single layer, two dimensional graphene has a significantly larger theoretical capacity than graphite and is favorable to lithium ion transport resulting in improving the overall performance of LIBs. But, it is well-known that when graphene is used as lithium-ion batteries electrode materials, the powerful π - π stacking interactions and Van Der Waals forces make graphene sheets easily aggregate into powders or films which in turn induce higher resistance for Li + ion diffusion and decrease surface area significantly 7 8 . Graphene aerogels (GA) display three dimensional porous frameworks, large specific surface area, rapid ion-diffusion characteristics, excellent mechanical strength as well as multidimensional continuous electron-transport pathways and have been fabricated and designed for energy storage and conversion, adsorbents for environmental remediation and catalysis 9 10 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Three dimensional Graphene aerogels as binder-less, freestanding, elastic and high-performance electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

Chen

Tian

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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In this work it is shown how porous graphene aerogels fabricated by an eco-friendly and simple technological process, could be used as electrodes in lithium- ion batteries. The proposed graphene framework exhibited excellent performance including high reversible capacities, superior cycling stability and rate capability. A significantly lower temperature (75 °C) than the one currently utilized in battery manufacturing was utilized for self-assembly hence providing potential significant savings to the industrial production. After annealing at 600 °C, the formation of Sn-C-O bonds between the SnO2 nanoparticles and the reduced graphene sheets will initiate synergistic effect and improve the electrochemical performance. The XPS patterns revealed the formation of Sn-C-O bonds. Both SEM and TEM imaging of the electrode material showed that the three dimensional network of graphene aerogels and the SnO2 particles were distributed homogeneously on graphene sheets. Finally, the electrochemical properties of the samples as active anode materials for lithium-ion batteries were tested and examined by constant current charge–discharge cycling and the finding fully described in this manuscript.

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“…4b) could be deconvoluted into three peaks (centered at 284.8 eV, 286.9 eV and 288.6 eV), which were ascribed to sp 2 bonded carbon (C-C), epoxy/hydroxyls (C-O), and carboxyl (O-C]O), respectively, indicating the high percentage of oxygen containing functional groups. 43,44 In comparison, in the C 1s XPS spectrum of the TGF (Fig. 4b), the peaks for C-C, C-O and O-C]O were much lower in intensity than those in GO, indicating the efficient deoxygenation and reduction during the hydrothermal process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Assembly of TiO₂/graphene with macroporous 3D network framework as an advanced anode material for Li-ion batteries

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2016

RSC Adv.

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Green synthesis of 3D SnO₂/graphene aerogels and their application in lithium-ion batteries

Abstract: 3D SnO2/GAs were constructed by a simple, facile and environmental friendly process, and show excellent performance when used as anode material in lithium ion batteries.

Cited by 25 publications

References 47 publications

A scalable formation of nano-SnO₂ anode derived from tin metal–organic frameworks for lithium-ion battery

A scalable formation of nano-SnO₂ anode derived from tin metal–organic frameworks for lithium-ion battery

Three dimensional Graphene aerogels as binder-less, freestanding, elastic and high-performance electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

Assembly of TiO₂/graphene with macroporous 3D network framework as an advanced anode material for Li-ion batteries

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Green synthesis of 3D SnO2/graphene aerogels and their application in lithium-ion batteries

Abstract: 3D SnO2/GAs were constructed by a simple, facile and environmental friendly process, and show excellent performance when used as anode material in lithium ion batteries.

Cited by 25 publications

References 47 publications

A scalable formation of nano-SnO2 anode derived from tin metal–organic frameworks for lithium-ion battery

A scalable formation of nano-SnO2 anode derived from tin metal–organic frameworks for lithium-ion battery

Three dimensional Graphene aerogels as binder-less, freestanding, elastic and high-performance electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

Assembly of TiO2/graphene with macroporous 3D network framework as an advanced anode material for Li-ion batteries

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Green synthesis of 3D SnO₂/graphene aerogels and their application in lithium-ion batteries

A scalable formation of nano-SnO₂ anode derived from tin metal–organic frameworks for lithium-ion battery

A scalable formation of nano-SnO₂ anode derived from tin metal–organic frameworks for lithium-ion battery

Assembly of TiO₂/graphene with macroporous 3D network framework as an advanced anode material for Li-ion batteries