Green Synthesis, Characterization, Enzyme Inhibition, Antimicrobial Potential, and Cytotoxic Activity of Plant Mediated Silver Nanoparticle Using Ricinus communis Leaf and Root Extracts

Abstract

The need of non-toxic synthesis protocols for nanoparticles arises developing interest in biogenic approaches. The present project was focused on cost effective, environment congenial synthesis of Ag nanoparticles and their biological applications. Leaf and root extracts of Ricinus communis were used as a reducing and stabilizing agent in synthesis process. A Proposed mechanism in published literature suggested that Indole-3-acetic acid, l-valine, triethyl citrate, and quercetin-3-0-p-d-glucopyranoside phytoconstituents of Ricinus communis act as reducing and capping agents. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized with a help X-ray diffractometer, Transmission electron microscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The XRD results inveterate the synthesis of pure nano size crystalline silver particles. The FTIR data revealed the possible functional groups of biomolecules involved in bio reduction and capping for efficient stabilization of silver nanoparticles. TEM analysis confirmed the almost spherical morphology of synthesized particles with mean size 29 and 38 nm for R-Ag-NPs (root) and L-Ag-NPs (leaf), respectively. The stability of synthesized nanoparticles was examined against heat and pH. It was observed that synthesized nanoparticles were stable up to 100 °C temperature and also showed stability in neutral, basic and slightly acidic medium (pH 05–06) for several months while below pH 5 were unstable. The synthesized silver nanoparticles had promising inhibition efficiency in multiple applications, including as bactericidal/fungicidal agents and Urease/Xanthine oxidase enzymes inhibitors. The cytotoxicity of synthesized nanoparticles shows that the concentration under 20 μg/mL were biologically compatible.

Effective Antiplasmodial and Cytotoxic Activities of Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Rhazya stricta Leaf Extract

“…Zinc oxide nanoparticles are one of the five zinc compounds that are presently registered and commonly believed as safe by the US Drug and Food Management. These zinc oxide nanoparticles have an antibacterial effect on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Staphylococcus aureus [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized with the Peel Extract of Mango

“…The TEM micrographs showed that the AgNPs were spherical and monodispersed, with an average size of 23.7 nm. Similarly, Gul et al [ 50 ] derived AgNPs from Ricinus communis leaf and root extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents, while the TEM results confirmed that the subsequently synthesized particles were subspherical with mean sizes of 29 nm and 38 nm, respectively. Additionally, Padalia et al [ 51 ] synthesized AgNPs by reducing an AgNO 3 aqueous solution with Tagetes erecta flower broth as a reductant.…”

Medicinal plants of Pakistan and their xanthine oxidase inhibition activity to treat gout: a systematic review

“…Barleria acanthoides contains two potent phenolic glycosides called barlerisides A (IC50= 419.0 ± 3.167 µM) and barlerisides B (IC50= 426.7 ± 1.87 µM), but they possessed weak activity against xanthine (Karim et al, 2009) at 100 µg/mL, and Cassia absus 29.2% (n-butanol extract) at 5 mg/mL. Gul et al, (2021) conducted a study on Ricinus communis roots and its leaves methanolic extract, and also prepared their silver nanoparticles. This research suggested that XOI% of the methanolic extract of silver nanoparticles (roots 83.6%, and leaves 83%) showed more effectiveness in comparison to simple methanolic extract (roots 23%, and leaves 24%).…”