Green synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity of iron oxide nanoparticles usingNigella sativaseed extract

Abstract

Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is a more sustainable, safe, and environmentally friendly method. This study aimed to investigate the synthesis procedure of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) using the seed extract of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) as a strong reducing agent and to estimate their cytotoxic and antibacterial properties. The obtained IONPs were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential (ZP), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The cytotoxicity of the biosynthesized IONPs was demonstrated by the MTT on a Vero cell line. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the fabricated biosynthesis metal oxide NPs was tested on Escherichia coli (E. coli) (ATCC 35218) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (ATCC 29213) bacterial strains using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. This study showed the formation of a well-dispersed, highly stable (ZP ζ = −51.8 mV) IO NPs with an average diameter of about 31.45 nm. Moreover, the biosynthetic NPs (IONPs) exhibited a significantly noncytotoxic effect when analyzed by the MTT assay. The biosynthetic NPs (NS-IONPs) exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, where the inhibition zones were 12.34 ± 0.58 and 11.52 ± 0.58, respectively.

Fabrication of a Polycaprolactone/Chitosan Nanofibrous Scaffold Loaded with Nigella sativa Extract for Biomedical Applications

“…Gram-positive bacteria are sensitive to these mats, and these results were in agreement with a result previously reported by Shahverdi et al 2022 [ 64 ]. The antibacterial action of N. sativa seed extract may cause bacterial cell membranes to become permeable, resulting in cell destabilization and death [ 65 ]. Gram-negative bacteria are more resistant because their cell membranes are double-layered, as opposed to Gram-positive bacteria’s single-layer membranes [ 66 , 67 ].…”

Recent Advances in Plant-Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Their Significant Biomedical Properties

“…There are several functional groups in plant phytoconstituents, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amine, that react with metal ions to reduce their size to a nanometer and it is believed that the -OH group in flavonoids is responsible for the reduction of metal ions into NPs. Furthermore, these compounds not only facilitate the biological reduction of ions to nanoscale sizes, but also facilitate the capping of nanoparticles, which are necessary for the stability and biocompatibility of nanoparticles [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. The top-down approach can be implemented in several ways such as laser ablation, chemical etching, sputtering, mechanical milling, and so on [ 34 ].…”

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Citrus limon Zest Extract: Characterization and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties

“…techniques, biological pathways are fast, simple, economical, and, above all, effective and eco-friendly [15][16][17]. In fact, the compounds present in the extracts perform as potential reducing and capping agents [18][19][20]. They prevent the overgrowth of nanoparticles and minimize their aggregation in colloidal synthesis.…”