Green synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial applications of silver nanoparticles as fluorescent nanoprobes for the spectrofluorimetric determination of ornidazole and miconazole
Abstract:A green and simple method was proposed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using Piper cubeba seed extract as a reducing agent for the first time. The prepared Ag-NPs were characterized using different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The obtained Ag-NPs showed an emission band at 320 nm when excited at 280 nm and exhibited strong green fluorescence under UV-light. The produced Ag-NPs were used as fluorescent nanosensors for the spectrofluorimetric determination of ornidazole (ONZ) and … Show more
“…5 . Generally, fluorescence is quenched by variety of mechanisms, like dynamic quenching, static quenching, and the inner filter effect (IFE) 60 . Figure 5 Fluorescence emission spectra of SN-CQDs in aqueous solution upon addition of various concentrations of ( a ) MNZ (from top to bottom: 0, 5.0, 10.0, 25.0, 40.0, 50.0, 75.0, 100.0 μM), ( b ) RFP(from top to bottom: 0, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0 20.0, 30.0 μM), ( c ) TNZ (from top to bottom: 0, 10.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100.0, 150.0, 200.0 μM), and ( d ) ONZ (from top to bottom: 0, 6.0, 12.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100.0, 200.0 μM).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5. Generally, fluorescence is quenched by variety of mechanisms, like dynamic quenching, static quenching, and the inner filter effect (IFE) 60 .…”
In this study, highly fluorescent sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon quantum dots (SN-CQDs) were synthesized by a simple one-pot hydrothermal method using thiosemicarbazide and citric acid as starting materials. Various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques were applied to characterize the prepared SN-CQDs. The synthesized SN-CQDs’ maximum fluorescence emission was obtained at 430 nm after excitation at 360 nm. Rifampicin (RFP), tinidazole (TNZ), ornidazole (ONZ), and metronidazole (MNZ) all quantitatively and selectively quenched the SN-CQDs’ native fluorescence, which was the base-for their-spectrofluorimetric estimation without the need for any tedious pre-treatment steps or high-cost instrumentation. SN-CQDs demonstrated a “turn-off” fluorescence response to RFP, TNZ, ONZ, and MNZ over the ranges of 1.0–30.0, 10.0–200.0, 6.0–200.0, and 5.0–100.0 μM with detection limits of 0.31, 1.76, 0.57, and 0.75 μM and quantitation limits of 0.93, 5.32, 1.74, and 2.28 μM respectively. The suggested method was successfully used to determine the investigated drugs in their commercial dosage forms. The method was further extended to their determination in spiked human plasma samples, with satisfactory mean % recoveries (99.44–100.29) and low % RSD values (< 4.52). The mechanism of fluorescence quenching was studied and discussed. The suggested method was validated in accordance with ICH recommendations.
“…5 . Generally, fluorescence is quenched by variety of mechanisms, like dynamic quenching, static quenching, and the inner filter effect (IFE) 60 . Figure 5 Fluorescence emission spectra of SN-CQDs in aqueous solution upon addition of various concentrations of ( a ) MNZ (from top to bottom: 0, 5.0, 10.0, 25.0, 40.0, 50.0, 75.0, 100.0 μM), ( b ) RFP(from top to bottom: 0, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0 20.0, 30.0 μM), ( c ) TNZ (from top to bottom: 0, 10.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100.0, 150.0, 200.0 μM), and ( d ) ONZ (from top to bottom: 0, 6.0, 12.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100.0, 200.0 μM).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5. Generally, fluorescence is quenched by variety of mechanisms, like dynamic quenching, static quenching, and the inner filter effect (IFE) 60 .…”
In this study, highly fluorescent sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon quantum dots (SN-CQDs) were synthesized by a simple one-pot hydrothermal method using thiosemicarbazide and citric acid as starting materials. Various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques were applied to characterize the prepared SN-CQDs. The synthesized SN-CQDs’ maximum fluorescence emission was obtained at 430 nm after excitation at 360 nm. Rifampicin (RFP), tinidazole (TNZ), ornidazole (ONZ), and metronidazole (MNZ) all quantitatively and selectively quenched the SN-CQDs’ native fluorescence, which was the base-for their-spectrofluorimetric estimation without the need for any tedious pre-treatment steps or high-cost instrumentation. SN-CQDs demonstrated a “turn-off” fluorescence response to RFP, TNZ, ONZ, and MNZ over the ranges of 1.0–30.0, 10.0–200.0, 6.0–200.0, and 5.0–100.0 μM with detection limits of 0.31, 1.76, 0.57, and 0.75 μM and quantitation limits of 0.93, 5.32, 1.74, and 2.28 μM respectively. The suggested method was successfully used to determine the investigated drugs in their commercial dosage forms. The method was further extended to their determination in spiked human plasma samples, with satisfactory mean % recoveries (99.44–100.29) and low % RSD values (< 4.52). The mechanism of fluorescence quenching was studied and discussed. The suggested method was validated in accordance with ICH recommendations.
“…For the analysis of RIF and MXF simultaneously, two high performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet (HPLC) techniques were documented, [ 7,8 ] whereas for the determination of MXF and MTZ, two HPLC [ 9,10 ] and one electrochemistry‐mass spectrometry [ 11 ] methods were reported. Also, one spectrofluorimetric method for RIF and MTZ assay [ 12 ] was described. So far, no documented technique has been described for the ternary mixture of the three drugs analyzed in pharmaceuticals or plasma.…”
This study introduces a new method for analyzing rifampicin, moxifloxacin, and metronidazole using a green micellar High Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Ultraviolet method in bulk drugs, different commercial formulations, and spiked human plasma. The combined therapy of these three broad‐spectrum antibiotics is used to cure refractory hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), an inflammatory condition affecting the skin. The sustainable separation was attained on a reversed‐phase C18 Kinetex® column maintained at ambient temperature in less than 5 min. The mobile phase comprises 0.1 M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in water, pH 3.5, adjusted using o‐phosphoric acid, and 10% n‐butanol. The flow rate was 1 mL/min, with 10 μL injection volume and UV detection at 230 nm. The impact of three key significant variables, SDS concentration, n‐butanol percentage, and the mobile phase pH, on suitability parameters was studied. ICH and FDA guidelines were committed to when validating the technique. The results showed linear calibration graphs with high precision and accuracy, in both pure and spiked plasma. The method is efficient, easy to use, and has a high sample throughput, making it suitable for routine analysis in the quality control department and therapeutic monitoring. It is also evaluated as a green‐and‐white substitute for traditional reported methods.
“…One of the leading fluorescent nanoparticles is semiconductor quantum dots (SQDs), as they possess excellent fluorescence properties; nevertheless, they are environmentally poisonous due to their heavy metal composition [16, 17]. Not long ago, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) evolved as a favourable green alternative to SQDs with superb luminescence characteristics [17–23]. To date, several methods have been reported for the synthesis of CQDs, including hydrothermal, solvothermal, and pyrolytic methods; however, these methods necessitate the use of very high temperatures, laborious processes, and the use of harmful chemicals [17].…”
Vanillin is a flavouring agent that is prohibited for use in infant food products with ages lower than 6 months. Excessive vanillin usage could lead to eating disorders, nausea, headache, and vomiting. Therefore, it is essential to control the contents of vanillin in food samples, especially in infant formula. Here, we developed a highly sensitive nanosensor for vanillin based on using green synthesized highly fluorescent (QY = 29.5%) N‐doped carbon quantum dots (N‐CQDs) as a turn‐off fluorescent nanoprobe. The N‐doped CQDs synthesis was adopted using citrus bulb squeeze extract and the commonly used fertilizer, urea, as substrates. After mixing with vanillin, the fluorescence of the N‐CQDs was largely quenched in a vanillin concentration‐dependent manner. The sensing conditions were optimized by quality‐by‐design using a two‐level full factorial design (22 FFD). The N‐doped CQDs could detect vanillin in the range 0.1–12.0 μg/ml with a limit of detection of 0.013 μg/ml. Next, a smartphone imaging‐based assay combined with a UV chamber was adopted and applied for vanillin determination. This simple detection technique showed sensitivity similar to that of the conventional fluorimetric method. Both conventional and smartphone‐based methods were successfully applied for the determination of vanillin in infant milk formula and biscuits and could detect real vanillin concentrations in the analyzed samples with high % recoveries (94.5% to 105.5%). At last, the biocompatibility of the newly synthesized N‐CQDs was tested, and it was found to be an excellent candidate for cancer cell imaging.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
