Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles through the Piper cubeba ethanolic extract and their enzyme inhibitory activities

Abstract

Introduction: The area of “Green Synthesis of Nano-medicine,” as compared to its synthetic counterparts, is a relatively safer research technology for various biomedical applications, including identification, therapeutic application, and prevention of pathological conditions, pain control, safety, and development of human wellness. The present study explored the synthesis and characterization of AgNPs using the ethanolic extract of Piper cubeba fruit as a reducing and stabilizing agent and its potential as an enzyme inhibitory agent. Urease inhibitors are helpful against many severe diseases, including gastric ulcers induced by Helicobacter pylori.Method: The fruits of the Piper cubeba plant were taken and ground to a fine powder. Plant material was added to 500 ml ethanol, and the mixture was filtered. The solvent of the filtrate was evaporated, and a thick, gummy extract was obtained and stored at 4°C in the refrigerator. AgNPs were green synthesized from solutions of AgNO3 using the P. cubeba extract, which was indicated by a change in the color from light brown to deep brown. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized via Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results and Discussion: Analysis showed the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0 at room temperature (25°C), and the average particle size of AgNPs was in the range of 40–80 nm. Consequently, the synthesized AgNPs were evaluated for their anti-urease activity. The maximum urease inhibition of the Piper cubeba ethanolic extract was 88.5% at 5 mg conc., and of derived nanoparticles was 78.6% at 0.05 mg conc. The results were nearly similar to the control drug, i.e., thiourea (0.5 and 0.6 mM conc., respectively).Conclusion: The study concluded that the P. cubeba extract, as well as its green-derived AgNPs, might prove to be a better and safer substitute for their enzyme inhibitory potential in emerging medicine and novel drug delivery techniques to improve and maintain human health.

Eco-Friendly Piper cubeba Official Extract Corrosion Inhibition of C-Steel in 1 M Sulfamic Acid

“…The aqueous extract from the same study contained 2.11 mg/g of total phenols . According to certain literature, each of the four ingredients’ centers of adsorption are oxygen atoms and aromatic rings. , Consequently, P.cubebaOE could be investigated as a corrosion inhibitor that is friendly to the environment. Our work examined the inhibitory effect of this extract on C-steel in 1.0 M H 2 NSO 3 H acid using a classical method (wt loss), PD, and EIS.…”

“… 32 The aqueous extract from the same study contained 2.11 mg/g of total phenols. 33 According to certain literature, each of the four ingredients’ centers of adsorption are oxygen atoms and aromatic rings. 33 , 34 Consequently, P.cubebaOE could be investigated as a corrosion inhibitor that is friendly to the environment.…”

Eco-Friendly Piper cubeba official extract corrosion inhibition of c-steel in 1M sulphamic acid

“…In addition to rutin (8 ppm) and catechin (5 ppm), researchers found that the aqueous extract of piper cubeba fruits also contained gallic acid (8 ppm), caffeic acid (13 ppm), syringic acid (3 ppm), and ferulic acid (11 ppm[21]. The aqueous extract from the same study contained 2.11 mg/g of total phenols [22].In some literature, oxygen atoms, and aromatic rings are considered the centers of adsorption in the four ingredients [22,23]. As a result, (P.cubebaOE) may be studied as an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor.…”