Green Synthesis and Applications of Silver Nanoparticles: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Nanotechnology has become the foremost promising and rising field of analysis as a result of its applications in numerous fields. Development of consistent and greener ways for the synthesis of nanoparticles could be a dynamic step in the field of nanotechnology. To avoid the emergence of dangerous by-products, many attempts have been made in recent years to develop environment friendly methods. “Green” synthesis is a consistent, sustainable, and environment friendly method for the synthesis of an enormous range of nanoparticles. Green synthesis is seen as an important tool to reduce the harmful effects of traditional nanoparticle synthesis methods commonly used in laboratories and industries. Nanoparticles exhibit unique chemical and physical properties that are useful in various fields. Among metallic nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles have become a research hotspot due to their wide range of applications. Silver nanoparticles are important because of their exceptional chemical, physical, and biological properties. Because of these unique characteristics, silver nanoparticles have numerous applications and are used as antifungal, antiviral, and antibacterial agents. They have an excellent catalytic effect on dye degradation, are very good antioxidants, and can be used to treat various diseases and exhibit wound-healing activities. The current review complies with the database of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts, bacteria, and fungi, which have potential applications in fields of science, health, textiles, food packaging, agriculture, and environment. The review also highlights the application of silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal agents. The knowledge on silver nanoparticle production conditions, properties, molecular mechanisms, and applications will be of great help for researchers to explore more applications of nanoparticles in fields that are still untouched.

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Utilizing Leaf Extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. for Catalytic Dyes Degradation and Colorimetric Sensing of Fe3+/Hg2+

“…Nowadays, primary pollutants, like organic dyes, are the main contributor to water contamination. Numerous industries, including those in the textile, paper, culinary, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, leather, and printing, employ organic dyes extensively as colourants [ 13 , 14 ]. Scientists have recently become interested in the catalytic reduction of organic dyes and colorimetric sensing of heavy metal ions utilising biologically produced nanoparticles.…”

Phytofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Using Trigonella foenum-graceum L. Leaf and Evaluation of Its Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities

“…Moreover, various research have demonstrated that plant-mediated AgNP synthesis is safe, less toxic to organisms, easily modified, and does not require maintaining cell culture. The presence of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, organic acids, quinones, etc., plays an important role in the quick reduction of silver ions in the reaction mixture to synthesize AgNPs [ 6 , 7 ]. These bioactive compounds are present in various plant parts, including bark, roots, stems, fruits, seeds, calluses, pericarp, leaves, and flowers.…”

Catalytic degradation of organic pollutant by biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Trigonella foenum-graceum L. leaves

“…As a result, many biological agents such as plants, bacteria, fungi and algae have been reported to synthesize AgNPs on their own without the need for additional stabilising and reducing agents. The method using plants to synthesize AgNPs is preferable to the one using microbes since it is less hazardous to living organisms, versatile and does not require maintenance of cell culture [6,7]. Among the diverse bio-reductants, Trigonella foenum-graceum L. leaves were chosen in the present study.…”