Green spaces for mental disorders

Abstract

Purpose of reviewMental illness is a global challenge, exacerbated by the coronavirus pandemic. Research suggests access to local green spaces is associated with better mental health, yet access is not always equitable. Evaluation of how nature-based interventions protect and support mental health is therefore required. Recent findingsAccessible local green spaces are associated with better mental health. They encourage active behaviours and social interaction, reduce loneliness and stress. Green views from the home are associated with increased self-esteem, life satisfaction and happiness and reduced depression, anxiety and loneliness. Nature-based interventions and green social prescriptions effectively target vulnerable groups, resulting in significant reductions in depression, anxiety and anger alongside positive mental health outcomes.

The Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on the Contribution of Local Green Space and Nature Connection to Mental Health

“…The percentage of green space in residential ward was not significantly associated with scores on any of the mental health outcomes after controlling for age and gender. Previous research has demonstrated that both exposure and access to green space is beneficial for mental health outcomes [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. These contrasting findings could be a result of the variety of measures of green space ‘exposure’ utilised in the literature.…”

“…It also includes other natural areas, such as woodlands, forests, and wilderness areas. Evidence suggests that green space close to the home, including urban green space, is associated with a reduced risk of developing anxiety and depression, more positive emotions, greater life satisfaction and reduced loneliness [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Factors proposed to mediate the relationship between green space and mental well-being include air quality and opportunities for physical activity; however, evidence about the factors mediating the relationship between green space and mental illness are less clear [ 26 ].…”

Overcoming treatment gaps in the management of depression with non-pharmacological adjunctive strategies

“…How can these skills be transferred and scaled up to community level? What are the ecological aspects of depression (and mental disorders in general) the effect of a person’s disconnection from nature, and how can the natural environment and access to green spaces contribute to prevention and treatment ( 85–87 )? Recent reviews focus on how spirituality, a fundamental human dimension, relates to the pathology of depression and how spirituality may or may not be protective ( 88 , 89 )?…”