Green Sensors for Environmental Contaminants

Citrus/urea nitrogen‐doped carbon quantum dots as nanosensors for vanillin determination in infant formula and food products via factorial experimental design fluorimetry and smartphone

“…Not long ago, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) evolved as a favourable green alternative to SQDs with superb luminescence characteristics [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. To date, several methods have been reported for the synthesis of CQDs, including hydrothermal, solvothermal, and pyrolytic methods; however, these methods necessitate the use of very high temperatures, laborious processes, and the use of harmful chemicals [17].…”

“…Alternatively, spectrofluorimetry is a cost‐effective, simple, highly sensitive, and selective analytical technique. One of the leading fluorescent nanoparticles is semiconductor quantum dots (SQDs), as they possess excellent fluorescence properties; nevertheless, they are environmentally poisonous due to their heavy metal composition [16, 17]. Not long ago, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) evolved as a favourable green alternative to SQDs with superb luminescence characteristics [17–23].…”

Application of sulfur and nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots as sensitive fluorescent nanosensors for the determination of saxagliptin and gliclazide

“…For preparation of fluorescent CDs, various approaches have been reported like chemical oxidation [30], microwave-assisted [31], carbonizing organic methods [32] and hydrothermal synthesis [33]. Synthesis of doped CDs is usually carried out by inserting heteroatoms (such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), fluorine (F), boron (B)) into the CDs' general structure to enhance their photoluminescence properties [26,[34][35][36]. From literature, CDs were efficiently applied as sensitive probes for the determination of many pharmaceutical compounds in different matrices [26,37,38].…”

Thiosemicarbazide functionalized carbon quantum dots as a fluorescent probe for the determination of some oxicams: application to dosage forms and biological fluids

“…7,8 Surface functionalization and chemical heteroatoms doping are two valuable ways for increasing photoluminescence efficiency. 9–11 As a result, many scientists have focused their efforts on these species, especially those containing sulfur and nitrogen atoms. 12 Furthermore, doping non-metallic elements into CQDs allows for structural and compositional changes, as well as a variety of benefits over heavy metal-based semiconductor-based QDs.…”