Green revolution ‘stumbles’ in a dry environment: Dwarf wheat with <i>Rht</i> genes fails to produce higher grain yield than taller plants under drought

Jatayev, Satyvaldy; Sukhikh, Igor; Vavilova, Valeriya; Smolenskaya, S. É.; Гончаров, Н. П.; Kurishbayev, Akhylbek; Zotova, Lyudmila; Absattarova, Aiman; Serikbay, Dauren; Hu, Yin Gang; Borisjuk, Nikolai; Gupta, N. K.; Jacobs, Bertus; Groot, Stephan de; Koekemoer, Francois; Alharthi, Badr; Lethola, Katso; Cu, Dan T.; Schramm, Carly; Anderson, Peter; Jenkins, Colin L. D.; Soole, Kathleen L.; Shavrukov, Yuri; Langridge, Peter

doi:10.1111/pce.13819

Cited by 44 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(150 reference statements)

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“…Despite its global impact on food security, domesticated wheat faces critical challenges generated by the changing climate. Climate change manifested in increased temperatures, drought or alteration in rainfall frequency and intensity is already affecting agriculture, posing a further barrier to efficient wheat production 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the legacy of Central European historical winter wheat landraces

Cseh

Poczai

Kiss

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Historical wheat landraces are rich sources of genetic diversity offering untapped reservoirs for broadening the genetic base of modern varieties. Using a 20K SNP array, we investigated the accessible genetic diversity in a Central European bread wheat landrace collection with great drought, heat stress tolerance and higher tillering capacity. We discovered distinct differences in the number of average polymorphisms between landraces and modern wheat cultivars, and identified a set of novel rare alleles present at low frequencies in the landrace collection. The detected polymorphisms were unevenly distributed along the wheat genome, and polymorphic markers co-localized with genes of great agronomic importance. The geographical distribution of the inferred Bayesian clustering revealed six genetically homogenous ancestral groups among the collection, where the Central European core bared an admixed background originating from four ancestral groups. We evaluated the effective population sizes (Ne) of the Central European collection and assessed changes in diversity over time, which revealed a dramatic ~ 97% genetic erosion between 1955 and 2015.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the legacy of Central European historical winter wheat landraces

Cseh

Poczai

Kiss

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…A second environmental situation in which the Rht-1 semi-dwarfs are noted to underperform is in drought-prone environments. Jatayev et al [ 191 ] list several studies in which the standard height cultivars and landraces outperform the semi-dwarfs in drought-prone environments. In the low rainfall western parts of the U.S. where dry land farming is practiced, the standard height cultivars are preferred because their coleoptiles emerge faster and the seedlings establish better in these dry soils than the Rht-1 semi-dwarfs [ 192 ].…”

Section: Winter-hardiness and The Connection Of The Cbfs To The Ga-gid1-della Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

The Breeding of Winter-Hardy Malting Barley

Stockinger

2021

Plants

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In breeding winter malting barley, one recurring strategy is to cross a current preferred spring malting barley to a winter barley. This is because spring malting barleys have the greatest amalgamation of trait qualities desirable for malting and brewing. Spring barley breeding programs can also cycle their material through numerous generations each year—some managing even six—which greatly accelerates combining desirable alleles to generate new lines. In a winter barley breeding program, a single generation per year is the limit when the field environment is used and about two generations per year if vernalization and greenhouse facilities are used. However, crossing the current favored spring malting barley to a winter barley may have its downsides, as winter-hardiness too may be an amalgamation of desirable alleles assembled together that confers the capacity for prolonged cold temperature conditions. In this review I touch on some general criteria that give a variety the distinction of being a malting barley and some of the general trends made in the breeding of spring malting barleys. But the main objective of this review is to pull together different aspects of what we know about winter-hardiness from the seemingly most essential aspect, which is survival in the field, to molecular genetics and gene regulation, and then finish with ideas that might help further our insight for predictability purposes.

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“…Growing evidence further suggests that these mutants compromise the ability of plants to tolerate abiotic and biotic stresses. For example, presence of both Rht1 and Rht2 is associated with susceptibility to Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum (James, 2011) and negatively affects yield under drought conditions (Jatayev et al, 2020). A significant amount of wheat is grown in dryland regions with <300 mm annual precipitation where drought is common and wheat is water stressed throughout most of its entire growth cycle (Donaldson, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing reduced height wheat mutants for traits affecting abiotic stress and photosynthesis during seedling growth

Mohan

Grant

Schillinger

et al. 2021

Physiologia Plantarum

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Most high-yielding, semidwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown around the world contains either Rht1 or Rht2 genes. The success of these high-yielding cultivars is greatest in the most productive farming environments but provide marginal benefits in less favorable growing conditions such as shallow soils and low-precipitation dryland farming. Further, growing evidence suggests semidwarf genes not only affect early seedling growth but limit grain yield, especially under abiotic stress conditions. There are 23 other reduced-height mutants reported in wheat, most of which have not been functionally characterized. We evaluated these mutants along with their parents for several traits affecting seedling emergence, early seedling growth, and photosynthetic efficiency. Two-to seven-fold differences in coleoptile length, first leaf length, root length, and root angle were observed among the genotypes. Most of the mutations had a positive effect on root length, while the root angle narrowed. Coleoptile and first leaf lengths were strongly correlated with emergence. A specialized deep planting experiment identified Rht5, Rht6, Rht8, and Rht13 with significantly improved seedling emergence compared to the parent. Among the mutants, Rht4, Rht19, and Rht12 ranked highest for photosynthetic traits while Rht9, Rht16, and Rht15 performed best for early seedling growth parameters. Considering all traits collectively, Rht15 showed the most promise for utilization in marginal environments followed by Rht19 and Rht16. These wheat mutants may be useful for deciphering the underlying molecular mechanisms of understudied traits and breeding programs in arid and semiarid regions where deep planting is practiced. | INTRODUCTIONThe incorporation of height reducing genes in both rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat semidwarf high-yielding cultivars were instrumental to the "Green Revolution." These high-yielding, semidwarf wheat cultivars are resistant to lodging and have a high grain yield (due to increased productive tillers and biomass) in response to nitrogen fertilizer and water applications.Together, improved genetics and agronomic management greatly increased grain yields during the 1960s, enabling autonomous wheat production in several developing countries including those in Latin America and Asia (Casebow et al., 2016;Gale & Youssefian, 1985). High-yielding, semidwarf cultivars contain the mutant form of reduced-height (Rht) gene Rht1/Rht2 (Rht-B1b/Rht-D1b), incorporated from the Japanese dwarf wheat "Norin10." These genes were cloned and mapped to homoeologous group 4 (4BS/4DS) chromosomes and encodes a DELLA domain protein negatively regulating the gibberellin-based growth response in plants (Borojevic & Borojevic, 2005;Peng et al., 1999). Since their introduction into wheat, these genes have been extensively utilized in wheat breeding Amita Mohan and Nathan P. Grant equally contributed to this study.

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Green revolution ‘stumbles’ in a dry environment: Dwarf wheat with Rht genes fails to produce higher grain yield than taller plants under drought

Abstract: In dry conditions, tall and fast‐growing wheat plants with good tolerance to drought may offer higher grain yields than ‘Green revolution’ wheat.

Cited by 44 publications

References 88 publications

Exploring the legacy of Central European historical winter wheat landraces

Exploring the legacy of Central European historical winter wheat landraces

The Breeding of Winter-Hardy Malting Barley

Characterizing reduced height wheat mutants for traits affecting abiotic stress and photosynthesis during seedling growth

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