Green Polymer Chemistry: Some Recent Developments and Examples

Cheng, H. N.; Gross, Richard A.; Smith, Patrick B.

doi:10.1021/bk-2015-1192.ch001

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…These environmentally friendly encapsulating agents are called green biopolymers. Green biopolymers are polymers obtained from products or processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of substances that are dangerous to humans, plants, or the environment [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of Mono and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Grapeseed Oil by Spray Drying Using Green Biopolymers as Wall Material

Sánchez-Osorno

Paz

López-Jaramillo

et al. 2022

Foods

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One of the most common ways to protect oils is microencapsulation, which includes the use of encapsulating agents. Due to the environmental problems facing humanity, this study seeks to combine green biopolymers (microcrystalline cellulose and whey protein isolate) that function as encapsulating agents for grapeseed oil. Grapeseed oil that is obtained from agro-industrial waste has shown health benefits, including cardioprotective, anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. These health benefits have been mainly associated with monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids. In this sense, it has been observed that grapeseed oil can be easily modified by environmental factors such as oxygen, high temperatures, and light, showing the instability and easy degradation of grapeseed oil. In this study, grapeseed oil was encapsulated using the spray-drying technique to conserve its lipidic profile. Powder recovery of the grapeseed oil microcapsules ranged from 65% to 70%. The encapsulation efficiency of the microcapsules varied between 80% and 85%. The FTIR analysis showed chemical interactions that demonstrate chemisorption between the grapeseed oil and the encapsulating material, while the SEM micrographs showed a correct encapsulation in a spherical shape. Gas chromatography showed that the lipid profile of grapeseed oil is preserved thanks to microencapsulation. Release tests showed 80% desorption within the first three hours at pH 5.8. Overall, whey protein and microcrystalline cellulose could be used as a wall material to protect grapeseed oil with the potential application of controlled delivery of fatty acids microcapsules.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of Mono and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Grapeseed Oil by Spray Drying Using Green Biopolymers as Wall Material

Sánchez-Osorno

Paz

López-Jaramillo

et al. 2022

Foods

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“…This ideology has been successfully integrated into polymer chemistry by using sustainable feedstocks to design green polymer systems. 1 These green polymers, which range from small molecules to polymer materials to biomass, under appropriate active conditions after their intended use, represent one possible end-of-life solution. 2,3 As concerns about the environmental and biosafety impact of used polymers increase, there is sustained interest in the lifecycle of polymeric materials.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Synthesis of Aromatic Polyesters with High Molecular Weights via Lewis Pair-Mediated Ring-Opening Polymerization of Salicylic Acid-Derived O-Carboxyanhydrides

Liang,

Meng,

Yang

2023

Macromolecules

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Compared to fossil resources, which display limited degradability, exploring novel green polyesters as more sustainable alternatives is an extremely challenging task. In this study, we have developed an effective pathway from natural origin salicylic acid (SA) to poly(salicylic acid) (PSA) with high molecular weight. This was achieved by employing Lewis pair-mediated ring-opening polymerization of salicylic acid O-carboxyanhydrides (SAOCA). We identified two metal-free combinations, namely, 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazole (NHC-1)/N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N′-cyclohexyl thiourea (TU-1) and 2-tertbutylimino-2-diethylamino-1,3-dimethyl-perhydro-1,3,2 diazaphosphorine (BEMP)/TU-1, that mediated ROP of SAOCA at room temperature within 100 min and successfully produced PSA with molecular weight greater than 150 kDa. We observed that the phase state of the polymerization solution switched from clarification to turbidity to phase separation when the PSA chain was growing up. Based on the NMR results of the interaction between organic base and TU-1, the analysis of polymerization kinetics, and DFT calculations, we found that the excess addition of TU-1 could effectively restrain unfavorable results in which very fast propagation of the polymerization chain caused phase separation in a short time. Furthermore, it improved the controllability of ROP reactions and the resulting chain length of PSA. The generality of this synthetic strategy was evaluated by the convenient preparation of other PSA-series polyesters via the ROP of SAOCA analogues varying the substituents. The obtained PSA-series polyesters exhibited good thermal stability and high glass transition temperature, outperforming some commodity polyolefins. This synthetic method paves the way for a better understanding of PSA-based polyesters as a class of future green materials applicable in the field of biomedicine and sustainable plastic packaging.

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“…In this regard, more eco-friendly methods based on improved syntheses using simple and highly efficient chemical reactions with reduced toxicity are in demand. 10,11…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%