“Green” Poly(Butylene Succinate-co-Dilinoleic Succinate) Copolymers Synthesized Using Candida antarctica Lipase B (CAL-B) as Biocatalyst

Abstract

Considering the rising demand to diminish energy consumption and CO2 emissions, the biobased segmented block copolymer, poly(butylene succinate-co-dilinoleic succinate) (PBS-DLS) with 70:30 (wt %) ratio of hard to soft segments was obtain using Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL-B) as a biocatalyst. Throughout two-step synthesis in diphenyl ether, biobased diethyl succinate was polymerized with renewable 1,4–butanediol and dimer linoleic diol to obtain “green” copolyester as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based materials. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) analysis confirmed that, using enzyme as a catalyst, we were able to produce multiblock copolymer and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurements revealed number-averaged molecular mass to be 25,000 g/mol. Additionally, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed low-temperature glass transition (Tg) of soft segments and high melting point (Tm) of hard segments which indicate on two-phase morphology. Furthermore, cytotoxicity test using L929 murine fibroblasts was conducted on extracts of obtained PBS-DLS copolymer, indicating excellent biocompatibility in vitro.

Fatty-acid-derived ester-urethane macromonomers synthesized using bismuth and zinc catalysts

“…Cytotoxicity of materials was tested via extract tests according to ISO10993-5 28 in similar fashion to our previous works. 29,30 Briefly, strips of photocured materials (area: 3 cm 2 , thickness: 0.5 mm) were cut into smaller pieces, placed in a well of a 24-well plate, and incubated in 1 ml of complete growth medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), containing 10%…”

Polybutylene succinate, a potential bio-degradable polymer: synthesis, copolymerization and bio-degradation

“…Copolymers with M n ranging from 1.14 × 10 4 g mol −1 to 3.64 × 10 4 g mol −1 and M w ranging from 2.85 × 10 4 g mol −1 to 7.33 × 10 4 g mol −1 were synthesized using enzyme mediated copolymerization. 89,90 Scheme 40 Microwave mediated synthesis of PBS.…”

Enzymatic Polymerization as a Green Approach to Synthesizing Bio-Based Polyesters

“…Typical monomers that have been used for PBS enzymatic polymerization via transesterification are BDO and diethyl succinate (DES) or dimethyl succinate (DMS) [75,[77][78][79][80]82,84]. A commercial-scale process to produce bio-based BDO (from sugar) has already been developed and published [89], while bio-based DES has already been used for PBS enzymatic co-polymerization with dilinoleic succinate [90]. The use of these bio-based monomers is completely in line with the principles of green polymerization.…”