Green Neighborhoods, Food Retail and Childhood Overweight: Differences by Population Density

Liu, Gilbert C.; Wilson, Jeffrey S.; Qi, Rong; Jing, Ying

doi:10.4278/0890-1171-21.4s.317

Cited by 208 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…For example, Liu and colleagues reported an association between vegetation and youth body weight that was stronger in more densely populated areas. 59 We explored potential interactions between the neighborhood environment characteristics and season of physical activity measurement. In addition, examining associations within distinct populations and settings, such as our population of young children in a lowincome urban environment, can add to a broader understanding of effect modification across the published literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Environment Near Home and School Associated with Physical Activity and Adiposity of Urban Preschool Children?

et al. 2011

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Preventing sedentary behavior and adiposity in childhood has become a public health priority. We examined urban social and built environment characteristics as correlates of physical activity and anthropometry among 428 preschool children from low-income families in New York City. We measured the children's height, weight, skinfold thicknesses, physical activity by accelerometer, and covariates. We geocoded home and Head Start center addresses and estimated the following for an area within 0.5 km of those two locations using a detailed geographic database: neighborhood composition, walkability, crime and traffic safety, and aesthetic characteristics. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the associations of area characteristics with physical activity or adiposity, adjusted for characteristics of the child, mother, and home. Participants were 2-5 years old, 53% female, 83% Hispanic, and 43% either overweight or obese. Of the walkability indicators, land use mix was associated with physical activity (26 more activity counts/minute per standard deviation increase in mixed land use, p=0.015) and subway stop density was associated with adiposity (1.2 mm smaller sums of skinfold thicknesses sum per standard deviation increase in subway stop density, p=0.001). The pedestrian-auto injury rate, an indicator of traffic safety problems, was associated with physical activity and adiposity (16 fewer activity counts/minute, p=0.033, and 1.0 mm greater skinfold thickness per standard deviation increase in pedestrian-auto injuries, p=0.018). Children living in areas with more street trees were more physically active and those living in areas with more park access had smaller skinfolds. However, many of the tested associations were not statistically significant and some trends were not in the hypothesized direction. Efforts to enhance walkability, safety, and green spaces in the local environment may be relevant to physical activity and adiposity, and therefore to the health of preschool-aged children from low-income families.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Environment Near Home and School Associated with Physical Activity and Adiposity of Urban Preschool Children?

et al. 2011

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“…Relationship between food environment and individual food behaviour Among the twenty-nine articles reviewed, eleven (38 %) analysed associations between food environment and individual food behaviours (22)(23)(24)(25)(26) , weight status (27)(28)(29)(30)(31) or perceived availability of healthy food (32) . In those studies, the addresses of respondents were geocoded and used as references for GIS analyses.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In those studies, the addresses of respondents were geocoded and used as references for GIS analyses. Four studies were performed on children or teenagers (24,27,28,31) , and the others on adult populations (one specifically concerned pregnant women (33) ). The outcomes of selected studies were consumption of fruits and vegetables (22)(23)(24)28) , perception of availability of healthy food (32) , dietary patterns (26,33) and prevalence of overweight or obesity (27,(29)(30)(31) .…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the food environment using geographical information systems: a methodological review

Charreire

Casey

Salze

et al. 2010

Public Health Nutr.

347

302

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Objective: Through a literature review, we investigated the geographic information systems (GIS) methods used to define the food environment and the types of spatial measurements they generate. Design: Review study. Setting: Searches were conducted in health science databases, including Medline/ Pubmed, PsycINFO, Francis and GeoBase. We included studies using GIS-based measures of the food environment published up to 1 June 2008. Results: Twenty-nine papers were included. Two different spatial approaches were identified. The density approach quantifies the availability of food outlets using the buffer method, kernel density estimation or spatial clustering. The proximity approach assesses the distance to food outlets by measuring distances or travel times. GIS network analysis tools enable the modelling of travel time between referent addresses (home) and food outlets for a given transportation network and mode, and the assumption of travel routing behaviours. Numerous studies combined both approaches to compare food outlet spatial accessibility between different types of neighbourhoods or to investigate relationships between characteristics of the food environment and individual food behaviour. Conclusions: GIS methods provide new approaches for assessing the food environment by modelling spatial accessibility to food outlets. On the basis of the available literature, it appears that only some GIS methods have been used, while other GIS methods combining availability and proximity, such as spatial interaction models, have not yet been applied to this field. Future research would also benefit from a combination of GIS methods with survey approaches to describe both spatial and social food outlet accessibility as important determinants of individual food behaviours.

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“…Some found no association between children's weight gain and differential exposure to food outlets [74][75][76][77][78]. Others found that increased fast food access [79][80][81] or a higher ratio of fast food to full-service restaurants [81] was associated with a higher BMI. Unlike the extant literature, our results suggest that fast food in general has no impact on rural children's BMI percentile.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Out-of-Home Food Environment, Family Restaurant Choices, and Childhood Obesity with an Agent-Based Huff Model

Peng

2018

Sustainability

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Out-of-home eating plays an increasingly important role in the American diet and weight. This research studied out-of-home food environment and restaurant choices in one rural county of eastern Alabama, United States, and examined the impact on African American children's weight status. A mixed methods approach was used in this study. Questionnaires were collected for 613 African American children at all four public elementary schools in the county. The healthfulness of restaurants was assessed with the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey-Restaurant (NEMS-R). An agent-based model integrated with Huff's model was developed in order to examine family dining patterns with consideration for individual and community socio-demographics; restaurant location, size, and healthfulness; and the spatial dynamics between consumers and food retailers. We found that this model performed well, as evidenced by validation with the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (p, 0.54-0.96), and by comparison with the original Huff model. Frequency of dining at low-quality full-service restaurants (r = 0.084; p <0.05) was associated with rural children's body mass index (BMI) percentile. These findings may increase public awareness of the importance of family restaurant choices as well as the potential unhealthiness of full-service restaurants.

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Green Neighborhoods, Food Retail and Childhood Overweight: Differences by Population Density

Abstract: This research suggests that aspects of the built environment are determinants of child weight status, ostensibly by influencing physical activity and dietary behaviors.

Cited by 208 publications

References 44 publications

Is the Environment Near Home and School Associated with Physical Activity and Adiposity of Urban Preschool Children?

Is the Environment Near Home and School Associated with Physical Activity and Adiposity of Urban Preschool Children?

Measuring the food environment using geographical information systems: a methodological review

Understanding Out-of-Home Food Environment, Family Restaurant Choices, and Childhood Obesity with an Agent-Based Huff Model

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