Green Nanopesticide: pH-Responsive Eco-Friendly Pillar[5]arene-Modified Selenium Nanoparticles for Smart Delivery of Carbendazim to Suppress Sclerotinia Diseases

Abstract

Controlled-release delivery systems have been widely used to improve the efficacy and bioavailability of pesticides and minimize environmental risks. Herein, a fungicide carbendazim (CBZ)-loaded, a kind of nanovalve including trimethylammoniumpillar[5]arene (AP5), and methyl orange (MO)-functionalized mesoporous selenium (MSe) nanopesticides (CBZ@AP5/MSe⊃MO) were prepared. The nanovalve endowed CBZ@AP5/MSe⊃MO with a pH-responsive property, so the CBZ@AP5/MSe⊃MO can respond to the microenvironment of the pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum). First, MO was shed due to protonation, and AP5-functionalized MSe gradually dissolved in an acid environment. Finally, CBZ was released rapidly. It is reported that AP5 and MO as the host and guest functionalized mesoporous selenium (MSe) have never been applied to agriculture. In vitro release experiments showed that the cumulative release rate of CBZ at pH 4.5 was 1.74 times higher than that in a neutral environment. In addition, we found that the contact angle of the CBZ@AP5/MSe⊃MO in maize and rape leaves was effectively decreased, which could retain more in the leaves after washout. It can also decrease the dry biomass and the reducing sugar of S.sclerotiorum. The CBZ@AP5/MSe⊃MO holds a good safety profile for plants, animal cells, and the environment owing to the targeted release properties. These results suggest that CBZ@ AP5/MSe⊃MO is an environmentally friendly and effective drug-loaded system against S. sclerotiorum. It provides a new strategy for the design and development of nanopesticides and the control of S. sclerotiorum.

Efficient Control of Rhizoctonia solani Using Environmentally Friendly pH-Responsive Tannic Acid–Rosin Nano-Microcapsules

“…According to the methods reported in previous studies, − the chemical functional groups of the samples were analyzed by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR, Nicolet iS10, Thermo Fisher Scientific, U.S.A.) with a scanning range of 4000 to 500 cm –1 with 32 scans at a resolution of 4 cm –1 . In the morphological observation of nanomicrocapsules, 5 μL of a diluted sample of nanomicrocapsules (20 μg/mL) was dropped onto the 200 mesh carbon film-supported copper grids.…”

Nanopesticides: A Review on Current Research and Future Perspective

“…Huang Y. et al [125] . were successful in fabricating pH‐responsive nanopesticides from a fungicide carbendazim, trimethylammoniumpillar(5)arene, methyl orange‐functionalized mesoporous selenium.…”

Preparation of Salicylic Acid-Functionalized Nanopesticides and Their Applications in Enhancing Salt Stress Resistance

“…8 Therefore, in order to ensure crop yield, pesticides are used frequently and heavily, causing serious environmental pollution problems and accelerating the emergence of pesticide resistance. 9,10 In addition, the global area of saline-alkali land is about 11 million hectares, and it expands every year at a rate of 10%. 11 It is worth noting that once the saline-alkali soil induces pests and diseases, it will directly lead to crop stunting and even crop death.…”

“…However, in practical applications, most pesticides will be degraded by light, heat, and other environmental factors, causing a challenge for their long-term efficacy. , At the same time, because of the interface transmission loss of pesticide droplets, such as bouncing and splashing, the active components of pesticides on the target organism are less than 1% . Therefore, in order to ensure crop yield, pesticides are used frequently and heavily, causing serious environmental pollution problems and accelerating the emergence of pesticide resistance. , In addition, the global area of saline-alkali land is about 11 million hectares, and it expands every year at a rate of 10% . It is worth noting that once the saline-alkali soil induces pests and diseases, it will directly lead to crop stunting and even crop death .…”