Green nanogold activity in experimental breast carcinoma in vivo

Abstract

Background: Over the past few years, fabrication of nanoparticles (NPs) has been deployed widely in technologies and many concerns have emerged about the hazardous effect on human health after NPs exposure. Objective: Green synthesis of gold NPs (AuNPs) and assessment of their activity in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer mouse model. Methods: Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) was used in formation of AuNPs with the help of Curcuma longa as aqueous reducing extract and stabilizing agent at room temperature. Formed NPs were characterized with UV-Vis spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Zetasizer measurement, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Virgin female albino mice with DMBA-induced breast cancer were treated with formed AuNPs for 5 consecutive days and were dissected after 28 days of the beginning of treatment. Results: UV-Vis spectrometry showed absorbance maximum peak at 530 nm for formed AuNPs, FTIR confirmed formation of plant extract layer around formed NPs; zetasizer measurement revealed 278.2 nm as an average size of produced NPs; SEM and TEM approved formation of monodisperse spherical AuNPs. Biochemical analysis of untreated breast cancer group revealed marked changes in liver and kidney functions manifested by raised activity levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. Whereas, the treated group with AuNPs post-breast cancer induction displayed reduction in the activities (of ALT, AST and creatinine), while the BUN activity level was raised. Histopathological examination showed heavy incidence of tumor foci in the breast and lymph nodes belonged to the untreated breast cancer group confirmed with intense response to Ki-67 antibodies. While the treated group with AuNPs post-breast cancer induction showed degenerated tumor foci in the breast and lymph nodes with weak response to Ki-67 antibodies. Conclusion: AuNPs were successfully synthesized using HAuCl4 and C. longa extract confirmed their ability to control DMBA-induced breast cancer in virgin female Swiss albino mice.

Pharmacological Role of Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles in Disease Applications

“…The results of the study revealed that most AuNPs prepared were spherical, with variations in size (in the range of 10–30 nm). The group treated with AuNPs after breast cancer induction showed degenerative tumor lesions in the breast and lymph nodes [ 54 ].…”

Gold nanoparticles combined baker’s yeast as a successful approach for breast cancer treatment

“…Nanogold has recently demonstrated its ability to enter cancer cells and accumulate within them. Thus, NG has been shown to easily infiltrate the tumor vasculature and persist in tumors, resulting in their prolonged survival, which raised their concentration and ultimately resulted in tumor cell damage [ 30 , 42 ]. It can also bind to other medications and chemicals, transporting them within tumor cells [ 43 , 44 ].…”

“…It is non-toxic, and the kidneys can eliminate it [ 45 ]. Hendi et al 2020 found that animals injected with NG (1–9 nm) had smaller tumors and a greater survival rate when compared to untreated control mice [ 30 ]. Many studies have demonstrated that NG may have tremendous potential for people suffering from metastases following breast cancer [ 46 ].…”

“…Recent research found that mice injected with NG (1–9 nm) had smaller tumors and a greater survival rate than untreated control mice [ 30 ]. It has been demonstrated that when GNPs enter tumor tissue, they aggregate and destroy the targeted tumor cells [ 31 ].…”

Green Metallic Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: Evaluation Models and Cancer Applications

“…The transplantation of human tumor fragments into immunocompromised mice has been reported by Hoffman et al [ 184 ]. PDXs are very attractive models due to the preservation of many relevant characteristics of the primary human tumor, such as growth kinetics, histological characteristics, and behavioral characteristics (invasiveness and metastatic capacity), regardless of the ability to respond to tumor therapy [ 185 , 186 , 187 , 188 , 189 , 190 ]. Moreover, these models have had an important industrial impact, and they are the choice for translational research.…”